VERTICAL MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF <i>MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA</i> (NEMATODEA) UNDER TOMATO IN A SANDY LOAM GREENHOUSE SOIL

Johnson, P. W.; McKeen, C. D.

doi:10.4141/cjps73-163

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nematodes can migrate towards the roots of a host plant and deep-rooting crops can reach soil layers with a higher density of nematodes. Johnson and McKeen (1973) found that a population of M. incognita situated at a depth of 120-125 cm was able to induce galls on tomato roots that were present in the top 15 cm of a sandy loam glasshouse soil. Pinkerton et al (1987) found that M. chitwoodi migrated 30 cm upwards and the recovered J2 were able to penetrate tomato plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vertical distribution of the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, under field crops

Wesemael¹,

Moens

2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi is a severe pest on sandy soils in Belgium and causes quality damage to economically important crops such as carrot, potato and black salsify. Pre-planting soil sampling to detect infestations has proven useful to farmers when taking decisions on the crop rotation. To develop an adequate sampling strategy, the vertical distribution of M. chitwoodi was examined under summer barley, carrot, fodder beet, bean, marigold and black fallow on two fields with a sandy soil. Soil samples were collected at monthly intervals from April 2004 to April 2006. Cores were taken to a depth of 70 cm and split into 10 cm segments. Nematodes were extracted by zonal centrifugation. Fodder beet increased the population of M. chitwoodi immensely; carrot was also a good host. Barley was a moderate host and under bean and marigolds the population decreased. The relative distribution of M. chitwoodi over the different soil layers during two successive years was consistent in each field. The different successions with good, moderate and poor hosts did not influence this distribution significantly. A logistic model was fitted to the mean cumulative percentages of nematodes at increasing soil depth. Farmers are advised to take soil samples for detection of M. chitwoodi immediately after harvest, especially after crops with a long field period. Adapting the depth of the cores taken to the vertical distribution of the population can increase the chances of detection. Our results suggest that this distribution is persistent in crop rotations and depends on field characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vertical distribution of the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, under field crops

Wesemael¹,

Moens

2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…These plant-parasitic nematodes cannot be completely eliminated, however, because they can survive under unfavourable environmental conditions and migrate to deep soil, where control practices are not effective (Johnson & McKeen, 1973;Weingartner et al, 1983;Mojtahedi et al, 1991). Despite these difficulties, many physical and chemical control methods have been used to reduce the number of root-knot nematodes (Ijani et al, 2000;Oka et al, 2000;Gergon et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Despite these difficulties, many physical and chemical control methods have been used to reduce the number of root-knot nematodes (Ijani et al, 2000;Oka et al, 2000;Gergon et al, 2001). Plant-parasitic nematodes in deep soil may move to the plant roots in the upper soil layer and infest growing crops (Johnson & McKeen, 1973;Mojtahedi et al, 1991). Therefore, a better understanding of their migration is important for nematode control.…”

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The role of pore size on the migration of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles under different tillage systems

Nakamoto

Otobe

et al. 2007

Nematol

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Migration of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles was investigated in soils collected from fields under different tillage regimes. Over 7 days, juvenile migration speed was greater in tilled soil (bulk density, 0.64 g cm −3 ) than in non-tilled soil (0.86 g cm −3 ). The volume of pores with diam. > 100 µm was greater in tilled soil than in non-tilled soil. The effect of bulk density on juvenile migration was investigated using columns filled with soils of six bulk densities (range, 0.60-0.85 g cm −3 ). As bulk density decreased, migration increased, and soil with a lower bulk density had greater volume of pores with diam. > 30 µm. The migration speed and behaviour of nematodes under saturated conditions were investigated using two micromoulded substrates that had pore spaces measuring 40-100 or 60-160 µm. As pore size increased from 40 to 160 µm, the migration speed decreased. The migration speed along a straight line ranged from 8.4 to 70.2 µm s −1 on these substrates. Migration speed was not constant across a pathway composed of different pore spaces, and the speed was affected greatly by the increased detection behaviour required in the broader space. Our experimental findings suggest that considerable nematode migration can occur in soil through pores with diam. 30-100 µm and >100 µm. Therefore, conventional tillage may enhance the migration and reinfestation of crops by M. incognita.

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“…In Belgium, P. penetrans was found up to a depth of 40 cm under several crops grown in sandy or sandy loam soils; in maize the nematode was even detected at a depth of 70 cm . As re-colonisation from deeper layers is possible after nematode control (Johnson & McKeen, 1973), strategies to control P. penetrans require the suppression of the nematode to as great a depth as possible. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of marigold on the population dynamics of P. penetrans throughout the soil profile colonised by the nematodes and to examine the persistence of this effect under a sequence of crops with different host suitability.…”

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Effect of marigold (Tagetes patula) on population dynamics of Pratylenchus penetrans in a field

Pudasaini¹,

Viaene²,

Moens³

2006

Nematol

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The effect of a sequence of host and non-host crops on the population dynamics of Pratylenchus penetrans was monitored for 2 years in a field. The sequence was pea (Pisum sativum, 25% cv. Colombia and 75% cv. Coca), French marigolds (Tagetes patula nana cv. Sparky); fallow; carrot (Daucus carota, cv. Amsterdamse bak); bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. Avignon) and again fallow. Samples were taken every 21 days during the marigold crop and following fallow, and at planting and harvest for the other crops. From five 2 × 5 m 2 plots, 15 cores were taken per plot to a depth of 70 cm and split into seven segments of 10 cm each. Within the plots, segments from corresponding depths were pooled and nematodes were estimated from a 200 g subsample. Densities of P. penetrans increased 2.2-fold under pea, but decreased by 90% after marigolds had been grown for 105 days. The P. penetrans population was reduced by about 90% in the soil layer above 40 cm while the reduction was about 80% below 50 cm after 105 days of marigold culture. Densities of P. penetrans declined exponentially in time under marigold and fallow. The effect of marigold was persistent as no increase in P. penetrans densities over the whole soil profile was noticed after two crop cycles of host plants.

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VERTICAL MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (NEMATODEA) UNDER TOMATO IN A SANDY LOAM GREENHOUSE SOIL

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Vertical distribution of the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, under field crops

Vertical distribution of the plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, under field crops

The role of pore size on the migration of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles under different tillage systems

Effect of marigold (Tagetes patula) on population dynamics of Pratylenchus penetrans in a field

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