Vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detector for effective multi-energy discrimination

Abstract

Multi-energy X-ray detection is sought after for a wide range of applications including medical imaging, security checking and industrial flaw inspection. Perovskite X-ray detectors are superior in terms of high sensitivity and low detection limit, which lays a foundation for multi-energy discrimination. However, the extended capability of the perovskite detector for multi-energy X-ray detection is challenging and has never been reported. Herein we report the design of vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detectors for multi-energy detection, based on the attenuation behavior of X-ray within the detector and machine learning algorithm. This platform is independent of the complex X-ray source components that constrain the energy discrimination capability. We show that the incident X-ray spectra could be accurately reconstructed from the conversion matrix and measured photocurrent response. Moreover, the detector could produce a set of images containing the density-graded information under single exposure, and locate the concealed position for all low-, medium- and high-density substances. Our findings suggest a new generation of X-ray detectors with features of multi-energy discrimination, density differentiation, and contrast-enhanced imaging.

Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next‐Generation X‐Ray Detectors

“…The X‐ray photon energy spectrum is drawn according to the amplified voltage signals. [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] Therefore, voltage‐mode (also called pulse‐mode) detection is usually suitable for photon‐deficient or low‐flux applications because capturing and forming electrical signals requires a long time. Pulse‐mode detectors are usually applied in spectroscopy, photon counters, and nuclear particle reaction monitors.…”

Tuning of electron transport layers using MXene/metal–oxide nanocomposites for perovskite solar cells and X-ray detectors

“…Recently, lead halide perovskites have evolved as favorable semiconductors for X-ray detection owing to their excellent characteristics, such as high sensitivity, low detection limit, and large X-ray stopping power. 10,11 Similarly, halide perovskite hybrids realize outstanding optoelectronic properties and their unprecedented combination has improved solar cell development with more than 20% conversion efficiency. 12,13…”

Phenyl-Terminated Coupling Interface Enabled Highly Efficient and Stable Multiwavelength Perovskite Single Crystal/Silicon Integrated Photodetector

“…Despite that the halide perovskites with unique optoelectronic properties have burgeoned as a fascinating semiconductor during the past decade, the galvanic combination of halide perovskites with silicon based photoelectric devices is the icing on the cake, which can improve the photon utilization, broaden the spectral response, and simplify the electrical readout. − For example, perovskite polycrystal thin film/silicon tandem solar cells have broken through a certified power conversion efficiency of 30% . Compared with perovskite polycrystals, perovskite single crystals (PSCs) possess a longer carrier lifetime, higher carrier mobility, and longer carrier diffusion distance, yet PSCs cannot be facilely deposited onto the silicon substrate like spin-coating of the polycrystalline form. − Heterogeneous epitaxial growth is an effective strategy to achieve galvanic coupling of different single crystals, whereas the severe lattice mismatch hinders the direct integration of PSCs and silicon.…”