Vertical Load Uncertainty at the T/D Boundary under different spatial DER allocation techniques

Abstract

Vertical load is the power flow between electrical transmission and distribution networks. In the past, large-scale generators connected to transmission systems supplied consumers connected to lower voltage levels across distribution grids. Thus, vertical loads tended to be downward-oriented. This paper presents a spatiotemporal distributed energy resources (DER) diffusion model to analyze vertical load uncertainty resulting from different DER diffusion process representations currently used in the industry and academia. Network planners and operators can use such model to understand the long-term evolution of load at the T/D boundary. The proposal is applied to the Portuguese power system, combining, as first of its kind, highly granulated population census with georeferenced transmission and distribution network datasets. This application analyzes the 20-year evolution of such vertical load flows at the transmissiondistribution boundary under a strong uptake of DER embodied in lower voltage levels in Portugal.

Incorporating climate change effects into the European power system adequacy assessment using a post-processing method

“…Most current power system studies, especially electricity transmission reliability studies, exclude climate change effects mostly, as the main focus is currently placed on the analysis of the effects of technology diffusion 11 , in particular distributed energy resources 11,12 . In two recent reviews on transmission system planning 13,14 , climate change effects were not mentioned at all. One of the few studies that considered such effects was conducted by Hemmati et al [15], for a smaller region in the Northwest of the US.…”