Vertical Jump Kinetic Parameters on Sand and Rigid Surfaces in Young Female Volleyball Players with a Combined Background in Indoor and Beach Volleyball

Abstract

Little is known about the differences in vertical jump biomechanics executed on rigid (RJS) and sand (SJS) surfaces in female indoor and beach volleyball players. Eleven young female beach volleyball players with a combined indoor and beach volleyball sport background performed squat jumps, countermovement jumps with and without an arm swing, and drop jumps from 40 cm on a RJS (force plate) and SJS (sand pit attached to the force plate). The results of the 2 (surface) × 4 (vertical jump test) repeated-measure ANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) main effect of the surface and the vertical jump test on the jump height and time to achieve peak vertical body center of mass velocity. A significant (p < 0.05) main effect of the test, but not of the surface (p > 0.05), was observed for the other examined biomechanical parameters. The only significant (p < 0.05) jump height gain difference between RJS and SJS was observed for the utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle, which was higher in SJS (15.4%) compared to RJS (7.5%). In conclusion, as the testing was conducted during the beach volleyball competitive season, the examined female players showed adaptations relating the effective utilization of the pre-stretch and enhanced stability during the execution of the vertical jump tests on a SJS compared to RJS.

Validity and reliability of My Jump 2® app to measure the vertical jump on elite women beach volleyball players

“…For example, beach volleyball players demonstrate performing lower vertical jumping heights when jumping on a sand surface compared to a rigid one ( Bisciotti, Ruby & Jaquemod, 2001 ; Bishop, 2003 ; Giatsis et al, 2004 ). However, the kinetics of female beach volleyball players when examined across vertical jump tests executed on sand show a different trend compared to male players ( Giatsis et al, 2023 ).…”

Evaluation of surface type and time of day on agility course performance

“…Extrinsic factors such as temperature, moisture level, and how the surface is maintained also affect its mechanical behaviors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The biomechanical demands on the dog vary based on the body's interaction with those specific surface properties (3,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). There have been numerous studies evaluating the biomechanical interaction between specific surfaces and human and equine athletes in a variety of contexts (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”