Vertical heterogeneity in predation pressure in a temperate forest canopy

Aikens, Kathleen R.; Timms, Laura L.; Buddle, Christopher M.

doi:10.7717/peerj.138

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Cages were made from chicken wire 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, which prevented access by birds (and possibly insectivorous rodents), while allowing passage of insects (after Marquis & Whelan, 1994;Aikens et al, 2013). Saplings were approximately the same age, 4-5 cm in diameter at the base, and 1.6-2 m tall.…”

Section: Study Sites and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We tested effects of patch type (small isolated vs. large connected patches), vertebrate predator exclusion (exclosure and control), sampling period (early, mid, or late summer), and all possible interactions on arthropod abundance and herbivory. Boege & Marquis, 2006;Aikens et al, 2013). To meet assumptions of homogeneity and normality, abundance data were log transformed, and herbivory data were square root transformed prior to analysis.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of fragmentation on predation pressure of insect herbivores in a north temperate deciduous forest ecosystem

Maguire

Nicole

Buddle

et al. 2014

Ecological Entomology

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1. Forest fragmentation affects many ecosystem processes by spatially altering relationships among organisms. Herbivory by arthropods is an important ecosystem processes in forests that fragmentation alters by changing relationships among herbivores, their predators, and their hosts. The relative importance of these factors remains unclear.2. It was tested whether the exclusion of vertebrate predators affected the arthropod abundance or amounts of herbivory in a fragmented, deciduous forest landscape in southern Quebec. Differences in the abundance of arthropod herbivores and amounts of herbivory in forest patches with different landscape characteristics (small isolated patches versus large connected ones), on sugar maple saplings with or without exclosures that restricted access by large vertebrate predators were measured.3. Saplings protected from predators with exclosures had greater abundances of all arthropods (herbivores and invertebrate predators) than those without, indicating potential top-down effects of vertebrate predators on arthropods. Analysis of effect sizes between exclosure treatments and controls suggests the magnitude of predation effects may be affected by fragmentation.4. Strong top-down effects of predators on arthropods, and weak effects of fragmentation on predation or amounts of herbivory were found. As a result, herbivory may be regulated by factors other than vertebrate predation in this system.

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Section: Study Sites and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fragmentation on predation pressure of insect herbivores in a north temperate deciduous forest ecosystem

Maguire

Nicole

Buddle

et al. 2014

Ecological Entomology

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“…; Aikens & Buddle ; Aikens et al . ; Maguire et al . ), but with the maximum working height of only 26 m and with the sampling of only one tree species ( Acer saccharum Marshall).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a mobile aerial lift platform. This tool has been used in several previous studies (Larrivée & Buddle 2009Schroeder et al 2009;Thomas et al 2010;Aikens & Buddle 2012;Aikens et al 2013;Maguire et al 2014), but with the maximum working height of only 26 m and with the sampling of only one tree species (Acer saccharum Marshall). We used the beating of branches as the sampling method to ensure that insects were collected from their original site of inhabitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical distribution of earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in a temperate lowland forest, based on sampling with a mobile aerial lift platform

Kirstová

Pyszko

Šipoš

et al. 2017

Entomological Science

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Although earwigs (Dermaptera) may be important components of ecosystems because of their locally high abundance and omnivory, their vertical distribution among forest strata is poorly understood. This study used a mobile aerial lift platform to survey the spatiotemporal distribution of earwigs along the vertical dimension in a forest. In 2013 and 2014, 57 trees in a lowland floodplain forest were sampled in the southeastern Czech Republic, Central Europe. Earwigs were collected along the complete vertical gradient of the foliage of the trees using square beating sheets and exhaustors. Of the three recorded earwig species (Apterygida media, Chelidura acanthopygia and Forficula auricularia), A. media was the most abundant. The distribution of its abundance with the height from ground (in the tree leaf layer) was unimodal, with a peak at 4–10 m, indicating that A. media is arboricolous. The vertical stratification of A. media differed among developmental stages, and in its abundance among tree species. Investigation of insect vertical stratification in forests should be facilitated by the use of a mobile aerial lift platform.

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Top-down factors contribute to differences in insect herbivory between saplings and mature trees in boreal and tropical forests

2020

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Ontogenetic changes in herbivory are generally not consistent with ontogenetic changes in defensive traits of woody plants. This inconsistency suggests that other factors may affect ontogenetic trajectories in herbivory. We tested the hypothesis that top-down factors contribute to differences in foliar losses to insects between juvenile and mature trees in tropical and boreal forests. We used artificial caterpillars made of modelling clay to compare predation rates between saplings and mature trees of two common forest species, Siparuna guianensis in Brazil (tropical site) and Betula pubescens in Finland (boreal site). Leaf area losses to chewing insects in saplings were 2.5-fold higher than in mature trees in both species. Physical plant defences (measured as specific leaf area, SLA) did not differ between saplings and mature trees in the boreal forest, whereas in the tropical forest, SLA was greater in saplings than in mature trees. Attack rates on the model prey by birds were higher in the boreal forest, whereas attack rates by arthropod predators were higher in the tropical forest. Overall, predation rates on model prey were consistently higher on mature trees than on saplings at both sites, but in the boreal site, this pattern was primarily driven by birds, whereas in the tropical site, it was primarily driven by arthropod predators. We conclude that the effect of predation on herbivorous insects may considerably contribute to ontogenetic differences in herbivory, but the relative roles of different predatory groups and of top-down and bottom-up factors may vary between environments.

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Vertical heterogeneity in predation pressure in a temperate forest canopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of fragmentation on predation pressure of insect herbivores in a north temperate deciduous forest ecosystem

Effect of fragmentation on predation pressure of insect herbivores in a north temperate deciduous forest ecosystem

Vertical distribution of earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in a temperate lowland forest, based on sampling with a mobile aerial lift platform

Top-down factors contribute to differences in insect herbivory between saplings and mature trees in boreal and tropical forests

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