Vertical facial height and its correlation with facial width and depth

Wang, Ming Feng; Otsuka, Takero; Akimoto, Susumu; Sato, Sadao

doi:10.1007/s12548-013-0089-4

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The lack of a statistically significant association between sexually dimorphic ocular features and expression of sexual dimorphism is in line with several previous studies on facial morphogenesis. Multiple genetic, epigenetic as well as (Enlow 1990;Liu et al 2012;Claes et al 2014;Hallgrimsson et al 2014;Sheehan and Nachman 2014) may result in tenuous correlations between facial features (Wang et al 2013) even if they are seemingly similar in function and biological significance (Danel et al 2018a). Moreover, the lack of a correlation with facial attractiveness markers suggests that the ocular features under consideration are loosely linked with the development of facial sexual ornaments.…”

Section: Correlation With Facial Attractiveness Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in ocular morphology in Caucasian people: a dubious role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism of the human eye

Danel

Wacewicz

Kleisner

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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The horizontal size of the exposed depigmented sclera in Caucasians has been previously suggested to be sexually dimorphic, and the significance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here we build on a previous study and extend it by (i) examining sex differences in other measures of ocular morphology and (ii) exploring the link between eye morphology and biometric markers of facial attractiveness. We used facial photographs of 100 Caucasians (50 men) from Eastern-Central Europe and digitally measured four ocular features. Eye measurements were tested for sex differences and associations with morphometric data on facial averageness and sexual shape dimorphism. We found that sclera surface is more horizontally exposed in men, even though the total surface area is similar in both sexes. We also found that eye fissures are rounder (less rectangular) in women than in men and that irises are brighter in women. We did not find any relationship between the examined eye features and two aspects of facial attractiveness: facial averageness and sexual dimorphism in facial shape. Despite being sexually dimorphic, eye features may be loosely linked with the development of facial sexual ornamentation. The role of sexual selection in the evolution of the observed phenomena is disputable. Significance statement It is often argued that because of their physical appearance, human eyes are crucial to interpersonal and social interactions. In many aspects, however, the significance of the human eye architecture is unclear. In this study, we examine sex differences in eye morphology and explore the link between ocular features and biometric measures of facial attractiveness in Caucasian men and women. We found that despite being sexually dimorphic, eye features may be loosely linked with biometric markers of facial attractiveness. We argue that the role of sexual selection in the evolution of the observed sex differences is disputable.

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Section: Correlation With Facial Attractiveness Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in ocular morphology in Caucasian people: a dubious role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism of the human eye

Danel

Wacewicz

Kleisner

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Schudy depicted the vertical and anteroposterior growth as opposing forces, which sounds reasonable with AFH being regarded as vertical height in the extreme case of long or short face type. In relative normal overbite case, some studies showed that the vertical growth of PFH is consistent with anteroposterior growth 7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast, some accepted terminologies used in describing vertical morphology, such as long face and short face and dolichofacial and brachyfacial, are mainly based on AFH 15–17. In normal cases, long PFH is always followed by long AFH and vice versa 7. Graber18 found that if the gonial angle is acute, mandibular growth is more vertical and directed more anteriorly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between vertical components and skeletal class II malocclusion in ethnic Javanese

Ardani

Willyanti

Narmada

2018

CCIDE

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Introduction The dentoskeletal morphology of Class II malocclusion has been analyzed in several cephalometric investigations. It is crucially important to understand the vertical components in orthodontic treatment. Defining the facial type of an individual is an essential key to obtain an accurate orthodontic diagnosis. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the correlation of vertical components in Class II skeletal malocclusion. Materials and methods This is a observational descriptive study. This study used lateral cephalograms of Class II skeletal malocclusion from Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital, between April 2015 and 2016. Cephalometric analysis was performed using digital software by a single examiner. This analysis measured gonial (Go), upper gonial (Go 1 ), lower gonial (Go 2 ), Yaxis-SN angle, the length of anterior face height, and posterior face height. The correlation between each variable was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test ( P <0.01). Results There was a correlation between vertical components and Class II skeletal malocclusion. Conclusion Vertical components were correlated with Class II skeletal malocclusion. The greater ANB angle will be followed by greater Go 2 , which worsens the condition of Class II skeletal malocclusion.

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“…At least in theory, therefore, measurements of seemingly identical qualities from frontal and lateral perspective could be uncorrelated or correlate only weakly. In fact, a three-dimensional computer tomography study of human skulls had shown that mutual relations between the size of different facial structures can be complex, and a straightforward anticipation of correlation between traits dimensions is not necessarily justified (Wang, Otsuka, Akimoto, & Sato, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-cultural study of sex-typicality and averageness: Correlation between frontal and lateral measures of human faces

Danel

Valentová

Sánchez

et al. 2017

Preprint

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ObjectivesFacial averageness and sexual dimorphism are extensively studied attractiveness markers, which are viewed as possible indicators of biological quality. Both are complex morphological traits and both can be easily assessed from frontal and lateral projection of a human face. Interestingly, examination of mutual relations between the frontal and lateral dimensions of these markers has so far received little attention in published research.MethodsIn our cross-cultural study, we used geometric morphometric data from male and female faces from Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, and the Czech Republic, and analysed correlations between frontal and lateral measurements of averageness and degree of maleness/femaleness, i.e. individual variation in features that characterize sexual dimorphism. We also analysed whether the association between frontal and lateral measurements differs in men and women.ResultsIn general, our results showed a moderate correlation in sexually dimorphic features between lateral and frontal facial configuration in both sexes, while frontal and lateral facial averageness was moderately correlated only in women. This pattern was less consistent when individual populations were analysed separately.ConclusionsReferring to the multiple signalling theory, we propose that especially in women, lateral/frontal correlations support a hypothesis of redundancy of information provided by the frontal and lateral dimension of a given facial attractiveness marker. The absence of a significant correlation in male facial averageness suggests that frontal and lateral averageness may convey different information about an individual.

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Vertical facial height and its correlation with facial width and depth

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Sex differences in ocular morphology in Caucasian people: a dubious role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism of the human eye

Sex differences in ocular morphology in Caucasian people: a dubious role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism of the human eye

Correlation between vertical components and skeletal class II malocclusion in ethnic Javanese

A cross-cultural study of sex-typicality and averageness: Correlation between frontal and lateral measures of human faces

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