Vertical, electrolyte-gated organic transistors show continuous operation in the MA cm−2 regime and artificial synaptic behaviour

Lenz, Jakob; Giudice, Fabio; Geisenhof, Fabian R.; Winterer, Felix; Weitz, R. Thomas

doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0407-0

Cited by 145 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this regard, vertical organic transistors with a channel length of ≈100 nm have generated significant interest in recent years, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] as the vertical dimensions of an organic transistor can be easily controlled over the nanometer regime. Hence, new device concepts need to be conceived which allow for an ultra-short channel length in conjunction with low fabrication costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Stable Organic Permeable Base Transistors for Display Applications

Dollinger

Iseke

Guo

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unfortunately, high-resolution patterning techniques operating in the nanometer regime are costly and currently incompatible with the promise of low-cost flexible electronics. Hence, new device concepts need to be conceived which allow for an ultra-short channel length in conjunction with low fabrication costs. In this regard, vertical organic transistors with a channel length of ≈100 nm have generated significant interest in recent years, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] as the vertical dimensions of an organic transistor can be easily controlled over the nanometer regime. The organic permeable base transistor (OPBT) is a truly vertical device with a semiconductor thickness in the order of 100 nm. Due to the extraordinarily short channel and a reduced influence of the contact resistance, [11] the OPBT can drive very large current densities above 1 kA cm −2[12] and reaches record-high transition frequencies of 40 MHz, [3] making it the fastest organic transistor to date. The transistor consists of a vertical stack of three electrodes separated by organic semiconductor layers. The outer electrodes constitute emitter and collector, while the central electrode is the base. It has native nano-sized holes, making it permeable for electrons. Current leakage into the base is prevented by a native oxide film around the electrode. In the on-state, a charge-accumulation channel at the oxide interface is formed, ensuring efficient charge transport through the base, while in the off-state the base potential hinders the charge conduction through the pinholes. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of an OPBT with C 60 semiconductor layers and the ultra-thin permeable base electrode of aluminum.These advances enable a broad range of possible applications for OPBTs, including display driver circuits where high currents and fast switching are needed, [13] and radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems with MHz operation. [14,15] Realworld applications, however, require a number of other properties like integrateablity, low power consumption, and stability. OPBTs operate on low voltages, generally enabling facile integration into electronic circuits. The static power consumption of OPBTs was recently dramatically reduced by the introduction of a controlled base oxidation technique. [16] Stability, though, has not yet been studied for OPBTs and there is little research regarding the behavior of short-channel vertical organic transistors under continued electrical stress.Vertical organic permeable base transistors (OPBT) can drive large current densities of kA cm −2 and achieve record-high transition frequencies of up to 40 MHz. They are therefore an interesting candidate for numerous applications, including the use in active-matrix organic light emitting display (AMOLED) backplanes. However, the transistor characteristics are required to be stable against electrical stress. Here, the threshold voltage shifts under current-and voltage-stress conditions over various temperatures and illumination condi...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Stable Organic Permeable Base Transistors for Display Applications

Dollinger

Iseke

Guo

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2020, 32,1906171 were performed using AFM equipment (NanomanVS+Multimode, Veeco). The FT-IR spectrum of the SA film was measured using NICOLET 6700 FT-IR equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 2b, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra are analyzed to characterize major Adv. 2020, 32,1906171 Once painful perceptual neuron is triggered, the information of pain would be received, integrated, and conveyed to the CNS (left). 2020, 32,1906171 Once painful perceptual neuron is triggered, the information of pain would be received, integrated, and conveyed to the CNS (left).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22,32] Herein, a comb-like source electrode design is employed to guarantee effective gate control. [22,32] Herein, a comb-like source electrode design is employed to guarantee effective gate control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, the SA electrolyte films have been proposed as dielectrics for the formation of electric double layer (EDL) effect with a very high capacitance. 2020, 32,1906171 www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com voltage for EPSC measurement. [41,42] Here, leakage currents are measured with different areas of the drain electrode, as illustrated in Figure S11 (Supporting Information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Sub‐10 nm Vertical Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Transistor for Pain‐Perceptual and Sensitization‐Regulated Nociceptor Emulation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pain‐perceptual nociceptors (PPN) are essential sensory neurons that recognize harmful stimuli and can empower the human body to react appropriately and perceive precisely unusual or dangerous conditions in the real world. Furthermore, the sensitization‐regulated nociceptors (SRN) can greatly assist pain‐sensitive human to reduce pain sensation by normalizing hyperexcitable central neural activity. Therefore, the implementation of PPNs and SRNs in hardware using emerging nanoscale devices can greatly improve the efficiency of bionic medical machines by giving them different sensitivities to external stimuli according to different purposes. However, current most‐normal organic/oxide transistors face a great challenge due to channel scaling, especially in the sub‐10 nm channel technology. Here, a sub‐10 nm indium‐tin‐oxide transistor with an ultrashort vertical channel as low as ≈3 nm, using sodium alginate bio‐polymer electrolyte as gate dielectric, is demonstrated. This device can emulate important characteristics of PPN such as pain threshold, memory of prior injury, and pain sensitization/desensitization. Furthermore, the most intriguing character of SRN can be achieved by tuning the channel thickness. The proposed device can open new avenues for the fascinating applications of next‐generation neuromorphic brain‐like systems, such as bio‐inspired electronic skins and humanoid robots.

show abstract

References

2023

Defects in Organic Semiconductors and Devices

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vertical, electrolyte-gated organic transistors show continuous operation in the MA cm−2 regime and artificial synaptic behaviour

Cited by 145 publications

References 58 publications

Electrically Stable Organic Permeable Base Transistors for Display Applications

Electrically Stable Organic Permeable Base Transistors for Display Applications

A Sub‐10 nm Vertical Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Transistor for Pain‐Perceptual and Sensitization‐Regulated Nociceptor Emulation

References

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About