Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002

Cox, Stephen E.; Bell, P. R.; Lowther, J. S.; Metre, Peter C. Van

doi:10.3133/sir20045090

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…These metals are minor components of slag but were substantial components of liquid effluents. Cox et al (2004) noted decreases of Pb, Cd, and other metals in surficial layers of sediment cores of reservoir sediments, consistent with decreases of approximately 99% in the release of metals in liquid effluents between 1977 and 2003. Conversely, they reported that Cu concentrations generally increased in surficial layers of reservoir sediments, suggesting that weathering and/or transport of slag particles remains an important internal source of Cu from the riverine reach to the reservoir.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatersupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Cox et al (2004) concluded that metals in sediments from the reservoir reach originated predominantly from aqueous effluents, rather than from slag particles. These differences are consistent with the occurrence of different physicochemical forms of metals, which reflect different types of source materials.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc and Cu concentrations in sediments were strongly associated with slag in riverine sediments, whereas Pb and Cd concentrations were distributed more uniformly across riverine and reservoir habitats. Cox et al (2004) concluded that metals in sediments from the reservoir reach originated predominantly from aqueous effluents, rather than from slag particles. This conclusion is consistent with the greater predominance of Pb and Cd in reservoir sediments.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing toxicity of metal‐contaminated sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, to benthic invertebrates

Besser

Steevens

Kunz

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, are contaminated with metals from smelting operations. We conducted short‐term and long‐term tests with the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca and short‐term tests with the freshwater mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea with 54 sediments from the Upper Columbia River to characterize thresholds for toxicity of metals to benthic invertebrates. Test sediments were screened for toxicity by comparisons with low‐metal reference sediments. Toxic effects on amphipods occurred primarily in sediments from the upstream (riverine) reach, and toxic effects on midges occurred in sediments from both the upstream reach and the downstream (reservoir) reach. Little toxicity was observed in mussel tests. Toxicity thresholds (20% effect concentrations [EC20s]) for metals in sediment and porewater were estimated from logistic concentration–response models. Copper (Cu) concentrations in the simultaneously extracted metal fraction of sediments and bioavailable Cu in porewater, as characterized by biotic ligand models, had consistent associations with toxicity endpoints. Concentration–response models for sediment Cu produced EC20s for 6 endpoints, with long‐term amphipod survival and reproduction being the most sensitive. A logistic regression model fitted to an endpoint sensitivity distribution for sediment Cu predicted that approximately one‐half of the sediments tested would be toxic to at least one endpoint and that approximately 20% of test sediments would be toxic to more than half of the endpoints. These results indicate that sediments from the upstream reach of the Upper Columbia River, which contain high concentrations of metals associated with slags, cause a wide range of toxic effects in laboratory tests and are likely to have adverse effects on benthic invertebrate communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3102–3114. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

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Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatersupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Sediment and Porewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing toxicity of metal‐contaminated sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, to benthic invertebrates

Besser

Steevens

Kunz

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Fluctuations in the river flow, as a result of the operation of upriver hydroelectric dams, annual spring high river flows, and occasional floods, have resulted in the resuspension, relocation, and subsequent redeposition of the sediment (BNWL-2305). Upper-layer sediment in the Columbia River downstream of the Hanford Site contains low concentrations of radionuclides and metals of Hanford Site origin as well as radionuclides from nuclear weapons testing fallout, and metals and other nonradioactive contaminants from mining and agricultural activities (Beasley et al 1981; BNWL-2305; PNL-8148; PNL-10535; Cox et al 2004). Periodic sediment sampling confirms that concentrations are low and that no significant changes in concentrations have occurred.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Columbia River Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calender Year 2006

Poston¹,

Hanf²,

Dirkes³

2007

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The cover photo shows rabbitbrush on the Hanford Site with the White Bluffs along the Columbia River in the background. The photo is from Lockheed Martin Information Technology, Richland, Washington. The cover design is by SB Neely, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.This document was printed on recycled paper. HANFORD SITEE PrefaceThe Hanford Site environmental report is prepared annually for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in accordance with the requirements in DOE Manual 231.1-1A, "Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting Manual," and DOE Order 231.1A, "Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting." The report provides an overview of activities at the site; demonstrates the status of the site's compliance with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, executive orders, and DOE policies and directives; and summarizes environmental data that characterize Hanford Site environmental management performance. The report also highlights significant environmental and public protection programs and efforts. Some historical and early 2007 information is included where appropriate. More detailed environmental compliance, monitoring, and surveillance information is provided in additional reports referenced in the text.Although this report was primarily written to meet DOE reporting requirements and guidelines, it is also intended to provide a broad spectrum of environmental and environmentally related information to DOE managers, the public, Indian tribes, public officials, regulatory agencies, Hanford Site contractors, and elected representatives. Appendix A lists scientific notation, units of measure, unit conversion information, and nomenclature that may help readers understand the report. Appendix B is a glossary of terms. Report AvailabilityThis report was produced in both paper and electronic formats. The paper formats include this technical report, two supplemental data appendixes, and a less-detailed summary report (PNNL-16623-SUM). Electronically, the report is available in portable document format (PDF) on compact disk and at the following website: http://hanfordsite.pnl.gov/envreport. Report copies are also available at libraries in communities near the Hanford Site, at several university libraries in Washington and Oregon, and at the DOE's Public Reading Room located at the Consolidated Information Center in Richland, Washington. All versions of the report can be obtained from R. W. (Bill) Hanf, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS Richland, Washington, 99352 (bill.hanf@pnl.gov) while supplies last. Summary R. W. HanfEach year, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) publishes this integrated environmental report about the Hanford Site. Individual sections of the report are designed to:• Describe the Hanford Site and its mission• Summarize the Hanford Site's compliance with all applicable laws and regulations• Discuss the status and results of Hanford Site cleanup and remediation activities• Describe the environmental and groundwater...

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“…Approximately 12 million metric tons of smelter slag, along with effluents, reportedly were discharged to the UCR between approximately 1930 and 1995 from a large smelter facility located in Trail, British Columbia, approximately 16 km north of the United States-Canadian border (Cox et al 2005; Teck American Incorporated [TAI] 2008). A large percentage of these materials are now found in the UCR as weathered slag dominated by sandsized and smaller particles that are enriched with several heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) (Johnson et al 1988(Johnson et al , 1990Johnson 1991;Bortleson et al 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Toxicity and Benthic Invertebrate Field Colonization of Upper Columbia River Sediments: Finding Adverse Effects Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

Fairchild

Kemble

Allert

et al. 2012

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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From 1930 to 1995, the Upper Columbia River (UCR) of northeast Washington State received approximately 12 million metric tons of smelter slag and associated effluents from a large smelter facility located in Trail, British Columbia, approximately 10 km north of the United States-Canadian border. Studies conducted during the past two decades have demonstrated the presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in slag-based sandy sediments, including cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead in the UCR area as well as the downstream reservoir portion of Lake Roosevelt. We conducted standardized whole-sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-day) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (10-day) on 11 samples, including both UCR and study-specific reference sediments. Metal concentrations in sediments were modeled for potential toxicity using three approaches: (1) probable effects quotients (PEQs) based on total recoverable metals (TRMs) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs); (2) SEMs corrected for acid-volatile sulfides (AVS; i.e., ∑SEM - AVS); and (3) ∑SEM - AVS normalized to the fractional organic carbon (f(oc)) (i.e., ∑SEM - AVS/f(oc)). The most highly metal-contaminated sample (∑PEQ(TRM) = 132; ∑PEQ(SEM) = 54; ∑SEM - AVS = 323; and ∑SEM - AVS/(foc) = 64,600 umol/g) from the UCR was dominated by weathered slag sediment particles and resulted in 80% mortality and 94% decrease in biomass of amphipods; in addition, this sample significantly decreased growth of midge by 10%. The traditional ∑AVS - SEM, uncorrected for organic carbon, was the most accurate approach for estimating the effects of metals in the UCR. Treatment of the toxic slag sediment with 20% Resinex SIR-300 metal-chelating resin significantly decreased the toxicity of the sample. Samples ∑SEM - AVS > 244 was not toxic to amphipods or midge in laboratory testing, indicating that this value may be an approximate threshold for effects in the UCR. In situ benthic invertebrate colonization studies in an experimental pond (8-week duration) indicated that two of the most metal-contaminated UCR sediments (dominated by high levels of sand-sized slag particles) exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization compared with sand-based reference sediments. Field-exposed SIR-300 resin samples also exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization numbers compared with reference materials, which may indicate behavioral avoidance of this material under field conditions. Multiple lines of evidence (analytical chemistry, laboratory toxicity, and field colonization results), along with findings from previous studies, indicate that high metal concentrations associated with slag-enriched sediments in the UCR are likely to adversely impact the growth and survival of native benthic invertebrate communities. Additional laboratory toxicity testing, refinement of the applications of sediment benchmarks for metal toxicity, and in situ benthic invertebrate studies will assist in better defining the spatial extent, temporal variations, and ecological impacts of metal-contami...

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Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002

Abstract: Inset 1: Retrieval of 40 centimeter sediment core including lacustrine and pre-reservoir soil sediments near Marcus, Washington.

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Characterizing toxicity of metal‐contaminated sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, to benthic invertebrates

Characterizing toxicity of metal‐contaminated sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, to benthic invertebrates

Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calender Year 2006

Laboratory Toxicity and Benthic Invertebrate Field Colonization of Upper Columbia River Sediments: Finding Adverse Effects Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

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