Vertical Distribution of Ozone in the Atmosphere

Götz, F. W. Paul; Dobson, G. M. B.; Meetham, A. R.

doi:10.1038/132281a0

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The vertical distribution of ozone in the stratosphere was determined in the early 1930s with the Umkehr technique, and the maximum was found to be near 22 km rather than 50 km as thought previously [Gotz et al, 1934;Walshaw, 1989]. Balloonborne ozonesondes provided the first detailed information on the vertical and seasonal distribution of ozone in the 1960s [Hering, 1966;Dutsch, 1966].…”

Section: A Brief Review Of Measurements Of the Ozone Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of ozonesonde data for the lower stratosphere: Recommendations for testing models

Logan¹

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. I present an analysis of ozonesonde data with a focus on using these data to evaluate stratospheric models of transport and chemistry. Ozonesondes are the only instruments that provide year-round profiles of ozone throughout the lowermost stratosphere for middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. I show vertical profiles and the annual cycle of ozone at selected pressure levels and stations and use TOMS data to evaluate the spatial bias of the sonde stations with respect to zonal mean values of column ozone. Between 10 and 30% of the ozone column is located between 100 hPa and the tropopause at middle and high latitudes, and this region drives much of the seasonal variation of the ozone column. The sonde data allow quantification of the buildup of ozone in the lowermost stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and of its loss in late spring and summer. The amount of ozone between the tropopause and 100 hPA in the Northern Hemisphere decreases from 175 to 75 Tg from March to September, with the maximum rate of decrease in May to June; about half of the decrease is caused by the increase in the height of the tropopause. There is a lag of about a month in the time when ozone starts to accumulate in the lowermost stratosphere, from September near 40øN to October or November near 80øN, and a similar lag in the time when ozone starts to decrease, from February or March near 40øN to March or April near 80øN. I propose that the sonde data be used to provide a test of transport in two-and three-dimensional models in addition to those provided by long-lived tracers, such as N20, CFCs, CO2, CH4, and their correlation patterns, and age of air. The annual variation of the ozone content of the lowermost stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere is suggested as a particularly useful constraint on transport parameterizations. I make recommendations for the use of particular stations and provide summary statistics for ozone concentrations and for the mean tropopause height for each station.

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Section: A Brief Review Of Measurements Of the Ozone Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of ozonesonde data for the lower stratosphere: Recommendations for testing models

Logan¹

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Historically, the first ozone profile information was extracted from the Dobson measurements with the discovery of the Umkehr effect in the 1930s (Götz et al, 1934). In optimal (blue sky) conditions at sunrise and at sunset two coarse-resolution (δz ≈ 7 km) vertical ozone profiles from about 15 to 50 km could be retrieved by this technique and the first stratospheric ozone climatology created (Dobson et al, 1927).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Ozone plays a significant role in the chemical and radiative state of the atmosphere. For this reason there are many instruments used to measure ozone from the ground, from space, and from balloons. Balloon-borne electrochemical cell ozonesondes provide some of the best measurements of the ozone profile up to the mid-stratosphere, providing high vertical resolution, high precision, and a wide geographic distribution. From the mid-1990s to the late 2000s the consistency of long-term records from balloon-borne ozonesondes has been compromised by differences in manufacturers, Science Pump (SP) and ENSCI (EN), and differences in recommended sensor solution concentrations, 1.0 % potassium iodide (KI) and the one-half dilution: 0.5 %. To investigate these differences, a number of organizations have independently undertaken comparisons of the various ozonesonde types and solution concentrations, resulting in 197 ozonesonde comparison profiles. The goal of this study is to derive transfer functions to allow measurements outside of standard recommendations, for sensor composition and ozonesonde type, to be converted to a standard measurement and thus homogenize the data to the expected accuracy of 5 % (10 %) in the stratosphere (troposphere). Subsets of these data have been analyzed previously and intermediate transfer functions derived. Here all the comparison data are analyzed to compare (1) differences in sensor solution composition for a single ozonesonde type, (2) differences in ozonesonde type for a single sensor solution composition, and (3) the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) and manufacturers' recommendations of 1.0 % KI solution for Science Pump and 0.5 % KI for ENSCI. From the recommendations it is clear that ENSCI ozonesondes and 1.0 % KI solution result in higher amounts of ozone sensed. The results indicate that differences in solution composition and in ozonesonde type display little pressure dependence at pressures ≥ 30 hPa, and thus the transfer function can be characterized as a simple ratio of the less sensitive to the more sensitive method. This ratio is 0.96 for both solution concentration and ozonesonde type. The ratios differ at pressures < 30 hPa such that OZ 0.5% /OZ 1.0 % = 0.90 + 0.041 · log 10 (p) and OZ SciencePump /OZ ENSCI = 0.764 + 0.133 · log 10 (p) for p in units of hPa. For the manufacturer-recommended solution concentrations the dispersion of the ratio (SP-1.0 / EN-0.5 %), while significant, is generally within 3 % and centered near 1.0, such that no changes are recommended. For stations which have used multiple ozonesonde types with solution concentrations different from the WMO's and manufacturer's recommendations, this work suggests that a reasonably homogeneous data set can be created if the quantiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2022T. Deshler et al.: Methods to homogenize ECC ozonesonde measurements tative relationships specified above are applied to the nonstandard measurements. This result is illustrated here ...

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“…Remote sensing of ozone concentration using spectroscopic techniques has been performed using both UV and thermal infrared (TIR) measurements. The UV measurements were carried out from ground (Götz et al, 1934;McDermid et al, 2002;Petropavlovskikh et al, 2005;Tzortziou et al, 2008), aircraft (Browell et al, 1983), balloon (Weidner et al, 2005), and spaceborne platforms (nadir-viewing measurements by Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV) (Bhartia et al, 1996), Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) (Munro et al, 1998;Hoogen et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2005Liu et al, , 2006, GOME-2 (van Peet et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2012), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (Liu et al, 2010a;Kroon et al, 2011), and limbscattering measurements by Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment (SOLSE) (McPeters et al, 2000), Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) (von Savigny et al, 2003), and SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) (Eichman et al, 2004;Sellitto et al, 2012a,b)). The TIR measurements were performed from ground (Pougatchev et al, 1995;Hamdouni et al, 1997), aircraft (Toon et al, 1989;Blom et al, 1995), balloon (Clarmann et al, 1993;Toon et al, 2002), and spaceborne platforms (Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy (ATMOS) (Gunson et al, 1990); Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) (Bailey et al, 1996); HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) (Brühl et al, 1996); CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers & Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) (Riese et al, 1999); Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Boone et al, 2005), and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ozone profiles derived from Aura TES and OMI radiances

Worden

Liu

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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We present satellite based ozone profile estimates derived by combining radiances measured at thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths measured by the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The advantage of using these combined wavelengths and instruments for sounding ozone over either instrument alone is improved sensitivity near the surface as well as the capability to consistently resolve the lower troposphere, upper troposphere, and lower stratosphere for scenes with varying geophysical states. For example, the vertical resolution of ozone estimates from either TES or OMI varies strongly by surface albedo and temperature. Typically, TES provides 1.6 degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS) and OMI provides less than 1 DOFS in the troposphere. The combination provides 2 DOFS in the troposphere with approximately 0.4 DOFS for near surface ozone (surface to 700 hPa). We evaluated these new ozone profile estimates with ozonesonde measurements and found that calculated errors for the joint TES and OMI ozone profile estimates are in reasonable agreement with actual errors as derived by the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the ozonesondes and the joint TES/OMI ozone estimates. We also used a common a priori profile in the retrievals in order to evaluate the capability of different retrieval approaches on capturing near-surface ozone variability. We found that the vertical resolution of the joint TES/OMI ozone profile estimates shows significant improvements on quantifying variations in near-surface ozone with RMS differences of 49.9% and correlation coefficient of R = 0.58 for the TES/OMI near-surface estimates as compared to 67.2% RMS difference and R = 0.33 for TES and 115.8% RMS difference and R = 0.09 for OMI. This comparison removes the impacts of using the climatological a priori in the retrievals. However, it results in artificially large sonde/retrieval differences. The TES/OMI ozone profiles from the production code of joint retrievals will use climatological a priori and therefore will have more realistic ozone estimates than those from using a common a priori volume mixing ratio profile

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Vertical Distribution of Ozone in the Atmosphere

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

An analysis of ozonesonde data for the lower stratosphere: Recommendations for testing models

An analysis of ozonesonde data for the lower stratosphere: Recommendations for testing models

Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer

Characterization of ozone profiles derived from Aura TES and OMI radiances

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