Vertical distribution of Daphnia longispina in a shallow subarctic pond: Does the interaction of ultraviolet radiation and Chaoborus predation explain the pattern?

Rautio, Merja; Korhola, Atte; Zellmer, Iris D.

doi:10.1007/s00300-003-0533-9

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Experimental in situ tests that manipulated tactile predators and UV demonstrated the importance of these conflicting selective pressures: in the presence of both predators and UV zooplankton adopted an intermediate depth distribution (Boeing et al 2004). In shallow Arctic ponds with no visual predators, Daphnia were found to migrate down on sunny days in apparent response to high light but upward during cloudy days in response to the predator Chaoborus (Rautio et al 2003).…”

Section: Caveats and Missing Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recently deglaciated lakes in Glacier Bay, Alaska, both cladocerans and copepods exhibited DVM in several lakes without fish (Williamson et al 2001b). In shallow, fishless subarctic ponds, Daphnia longispina shows stronger vertical migration downward during sunny days than on cloudy days (Rautio et al 2003). In two lakes in the Tatra Mountains of Poland, one with and one without fish, Daphnia exhibited DVM in the lake without fish, albeit with a lower DVM amplitude than the lake with fish.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Short wavelengths of UV in sunlight can damage DNA, membranes, and a variety of other biochemicals and can lead to high mortality rates of zooplankton that remain in the surface waters of high-transparency systems for even a few days or less (Williamson et al 1994a(Williamson et al , 1999Rautio and Tartarotti 2010). A central focus of many earlier studies was the relationship between pigmentation, photoprotection, and the vertical distribution of zooplankton.…”

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Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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The current prevailing theory of diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is focused largely on two biotic drivers: food and predation. Yet recent evidence suggests that abiotic drivers such as damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature are also important. Here we integrate current knowledge on the effects of abiotic factors on DVM with the current biologically based paradigm to develop a more comprehensive framework for understanding DVM in zooplankton. We focus on ''normal'' (down during the day, up at night) DVM of holoplanktonic, primarily herbivorous zooplankton. This new transparency-regulator hypothesis differentiates between structural drivers, such as temperature and food, that vary little over a 24-h period and dynamic drivers, such as damaging UV radiation and visual predation, that show strong variation over a 24-h period. This hypothesis emphasizes the central role of water transparency in regulating these major drivers of DVM. In less transparent systems, temperature and food are often optimal in the surface waters, visual predators are abundant, and UV radiation levels are low. In contrast, in more transparent systems, vertical thermal gradients tend to be more gradual, food quality and quantity are higher in deeper waters, and visual predator abundance is often lower and damaging UV radiation higher in the surface waters. This transparency-regulator hypothesis provides a more versatile theoretical framework to explain variation in DVM across waters of differing transparency. This hypothesis also enables clearer predictions of how the wide range of ongoing transparency-altering local, regional, and global environmental changes can be expected to influence DVM patterns in both inland and oceanic waters of the world.Diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton in the world's lakes and oceans comprise some of the most widespread and massive migrations of animals on Earth. These striking migrations across strong vertical habitat gradients have inspired numerous ecological and evolutionary studies addressing mechanisms of habitat selection and consequences for species interactions. These migrations also have important implications for water quality and fisheries production as well as biogeochemical cycling. Natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, such as shifting local land use patterns and regional to global climate change, are altering water transparency and have the potential to affect DVM in lakes and oceans worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide a common theoretical framework for understanding variation in the drivers of DVM across transparency gradients with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of ultraviolet radiation (UV).Many environmental factors are recognized as providing both important proximate cues as well as ultimate consequences of adaptive significance for DVM, including light, temperature, food availability, and predation pressures (Table 1; Lampert 1989;Ringelberg 1993;Hays 2003). In spite of the wides...

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Section: Caveats and Missing Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Williamson

Fischer

Bollens

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

186

202

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“…UV radiation has a broad range of deleterious effects on aquatic biota (Hessen & Faerøvig 2001), including zooplankton (Rautio et al 2003). Many arctic and subarctic waters are also shallow, exposing a large part of the water column to UV effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV photoprotectants in arctic zooplankton

Rautio¹,

Bonilla²,

Vincent³

2009

Aquat. Biol.

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High latitude zooplankton must contend with continuous ultraviolet (UV) exposure in summer, increased UVB fluxes as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion and little UV protection from their transparent waters. In the present study, we evaluated the presence and concentration of 4 types of UV-protectants in arctic zooplankton: carotenoids, melanins, scytonemin and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). We analysed 12 commonly occurring crustacean species from 27 freshwater bodies in northern Canada and Alaska. Pigments were detected in all species, and most populations had multiple pigments, suggesting a combination of photoprotection strategies, including broadband screening of UV radiation and carotenoid quenching of reactive oxygen species. Scytonemin, a UVA-screening pigment of cyanobacterial origin that has not been previously detected in zooplankton, was found in 2 crustacean species: the cladoceran Daphnia middendorffiana and the fairy shrimp Branchinecta paludosa. MAAs were detected in all populations, providing the first records of high concentrations of these compounds in the genus Daphnia (1 µg mg -1 ) and in the fairy shrimp Artemiopsis stefanssoni (up to 37 µg mg -1 ). Concurrent analyses of food sources showed that scytonemin, carotenoids and MAAs in zooplankton originated in phytoplankton or benthic algal mats. Thus, in addition to providing a measure of UV protection, the pigments also indicate zooplankton food sources and potential benthic-pelagic coupling.

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“…Gilbert and Hampton (2001) observed differences in the vertical distribution of the cyclopoid copepod Tropocyclops extensus Kiefer between noon and midnight in a 150-cm-deep pond, which was attributed to predation by notonectids. The vertical habitat choice of Daphnia longispina O. F. Mu¨ller in a 50-cm-deep arctic pond was determined by either UVR or Chaoborus predation on sunny and overcast days, respectively (Rautio et al, 2003). However, noticeable vertical variation in the physicochemical variables affecting the distribution of zooplankton was generally not reported from ponds and pools; an exception was described from an extreme habitat, a high-altitude (about 2500 m) crater pond, where Blinn and Green (1986) found sharp gradients of temperature and DO at some occasions during a 3-year period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution of zooplankton in a shallow peatland pond: the limiting role of dissolved oxygen

Vad

Horváth

Kiss

et al. 2013

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-We investigated the diel vertical distribution patterns of microcrustacean zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda) in a shallow pond (max. depth: 70 cm) of the Ö reg-turja´n peatland (Ó csa, Central Hungary) during three 24-h periods in July (19-20th), August (17-18th) and September (11-12th) 2011. Environmental variables showed remarkable vertical stratification. Oxygen concentration was close to zero in the entire water column from night until sunrise, while the lower strata (from 20 cm below the surface) were close to anoxic during all three diel cycles. It proved to be the main determinant of the vertical distribution of microcrustaceans. Accordingly, the highest proportion of individuals was present in the surface layer.Chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton biomass were inversely distributed compared to zooplankton. Microcrustaceans (mainly Daphnia curvirostris) migrated to the middle layer only in August, which could be explained by a trade-off between food resources, dissolved oxygen (DO) and competition with littoral zooplankters. The diurnal density patterns of microcrustaceans suggested horizontal migration into the aquatic macrophytes during night, which could be a strategy to avoid Chaoborus predation. Our results show that strong vertical gradients of abiotic and biotic factors occur even in such shallow waterbodies. Among them, DO can maintain constant vertical aggregation of zooplankters by limiting their occurrence to the surface layers.

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Vertical distribution of Daphnia longispina in a shallow subarctic pond: Does the interaction of ultraviolet radiation and Chaoborus predation explain the pattern?

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration: Integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm

UV photoprotectants in arctic zooplankton

Vertical distribution of zooplankton in a shallow peatland pond: the limiting role of dissolved oxygen

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