Vertical distribution of Antarctic peninsular macroalgae: cover, biomass and species composition

Amsler, Charles D.; Rowley, Robert J.; Laur, David R.; Quetin, Langdon B.; Ross, Robin M.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-34-5-424.1

Cited by 115 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Only crustose species or developmental stages can persist here. Below this zone, large brown algae dominate the sublittoral in West Antarctica: Ascoseira mirabilis and Desmarestia menziesii occur in the upper sublittoral, D. anceps in the mid sublittoral and Himantothallus grandifolius grows in the lower sublittoral (DeLaca and Lipps 1976;Lamb and Zimmermann 1977;Amsler et al 1995;Klö ser et al 1996;Quartino et al 2001Quartino et al , 2005. At higher latitudes in East Antarctica only few species occur, in particular Palmaria decipiens, Phyllophora antarctica and I. cordata (Zaneveld 1968;Miller and Pearse 1991;Cormaci et al 1992).…”

Section: Biodiversity Biogeographical Relationships and Vertical Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the extreme environmental conditions in the eulittoral, polar algae are mainly sublittoral and thus low light demands and tolerance to darkness are a pre-requisite for occurrence down to great depths (Arnoud 1974;Zielinski 1981;Richardson 1979;Klö ser et al 1993;Amsler et al 1995). An important feature is the dark tolerance of the microscopic developmental stages.…”

Section: Light Demands and Depth Zonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

Clayton

Gómez

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

136

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

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Section: Biodiversity Biogeographical Relationships and Vertical Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Demands and Depth Zonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

Clayton

Gómez

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

136

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“…Macroalgae dominate shallow benthic communities on hard substrates along the western Antarctic Peninsula, often covering > 80% of the bottom, with standing biomass levels comparable to temperate kelp forests (Amsler et al 1995, Brouwer et al 1995, Quartino et al 2001. Several species of large, perennial brown algae are particularly abundant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desmarestia menziesii and/ or D. anceps typically dominate in shallow waters down to approximately 10 to 20 m, with Himantothallus grandifolius dominating from 10 to 20 m down to 40 m or deeper (DeLaca & Lipps 1976, Zieli?ski 1990, Amsler et al 1995, Brouwer et al 1995, Quartino et al 2001. Cystosphaera jacquinotii and D. antarctica, an annual to biennial species, can be co-dominant in some locations (Zieli?ski 1990, Chung et al 1994, Amsler et al 1995. Although standing biomass is high, overall macroalgal species diversity is low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of the palatability and chemical defenses of subtidal macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Amsler¹,

Iken²,

McClintock³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

154

107

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The palatability of 35 non-encrusting, subtidal macroalgal species collected from the vicinity of Palmer Station, Antarctica (64°46' S, 64°03' W), was determined in laboratory bioassays utilizing sympatric sea stars and fish known to consume macroalgae in nature. Overall, 63% of the macroalgal species offered to sea stars and 83% of the macroalgal species offered to fish in thallus bioassays were significantly unpalatable. This included all of the ecologically dominant, overstory brown macroalgae in the region. When organic extracts of unpalatable macroalgal species were incorporated into artificial foods, 76% of the species unpalatable as thallus to sea stars were also unpalatable to them as extract, and 53% of the species unpalatable as thallus to fish were also unpalatable to them as extract. If either sea stars or fish rejected thallus of a macroalgal species, palatability of organic extracts of that species to herbivorous amphipods was determined: 63% of such algal species were unpalatable as extract to the amphipods. It was concluded that antarctic macroalgae are commonly unpalatable to sympatric consumers and that much of this unpalatability is the result of chemical defenses. As a whole, neither thallus toughness nor a variety of nutritional quality parameters appeared to be related to macroalgal palatability. We also tested the hypothesis that nitrogen-containing metabolites should be common in macroalgae from nitrogen-replete, carbon-limited environments such as the coastal waters of Antarctica. Macroalgal acid extracts targeting nitrogenous secondary metabolites were subjected to thin-layer chromatography analysis; no such compounds were detected.

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“…Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory de SaintVincent is a member of the Gigartinaceae and common in shallow sub-tidal communities but can be found down to a depth of 30 m (Amsler et al 1995, Wiencke and Clayton 2002, Wiencke and Amsler 2012. This is a dominant species in shallow basins and newly exposed substrata (Quartino et al 2013), suggesting that it is a good colonizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

et al. 2015

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Endophytic organisms are known to have varied effects on their host organism in terrestrial and marine environments. In previous studies on marine algae, these symbioses range from innocuous to pathogenic depending on the host and endophyte species. The present study further assessed a pathogenic relationship between filamentous algal endophytes and a red algal host from the western Antarctic Peninsula. We analyzed endophyte presence (appearance of filamentous thalli) in the three life history stages of Iridaea cordata and potential impacts on fertility in the fertilized female gametophytes (carposporophytes) and tetrasporophytes. We found that endophytes proliferate throughout significantly more thallus area in tetrasporophyte and unfertilized gametophyte hosts than in carposporophyte hosts, but there was no correlation between endophyte cover and fertility in these individuals. This study also provides a demographic analysis of I. cordata populations surrounding Palmer Station, Antarctica, showing that these populations are haploid dominated (∼78% of individuals). The differential presence of filamentous algal endophytes indicates that endophyte pathogenicity indirectly has greater effect on tetrasporophytes and unfertilized gametophytes than on the carposporophytes, which house the products of sexual recombination.

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Vertical distribution of Antarctic peninsular macroalgae: cover, biomass and species composition

Cited by 115 publications

References 13 publications

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Comprehensive evaluation of the palatability and chemical defenses of subtidal macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata

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