Vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting

Pusch, Tobias; Debernardi, Pierluigi; Lindemann, Markus; Erb, Frederike; Gerhardt, Nils C.; Hofmann, Martin R.; Michalzik, Rainer

doi:10.1049/el.2019.1441

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When the optical carrier remains after the polarization selective component, it causes cross talk at the stage of polarization hybrid coherent detection. Third, birefringence controls of spin-VCSELs including theoretical modeling are important for efficient generation of orthogonally-polarized modulation sideband with a high frequency [58][59][60][61][62]. Since the sensitivity of spin polarization modulation is subject to birefringence, efficient generation of an orthogonally-polarized modulation sideband requires birefringence control with accuracy in the order of a few gigahertz.…”

Section: Discussion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Laser Local Oscillators for Homodyne Detection in Coherent Optical Communications

Yokota

Yasaka

2021

Micromachines

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We numerically investigate spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) for local oscillators, which are based on an injection locking technique used in coherent optical communications. Under the spin polarization modulation of an injection-locked spin-VCSEL, frequency-shifted and phase-correlated optical sidebands are generated with an orthogonal polarization against the injection light, and one of the sidebands is resonantly enhanced due to the linear birefringence in the spin-VCSEL. We determine that the peak strength and peak frequency in the spin polarization modulation sensitivity of the injection-locked spin-VCSEL depend on detuning frequency and injection ratio conditions. As a proof of concept, 25-Gbaud and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation optical data signals and a pilot tone are generated, and the pilot tone is used for the injection locking of a spin-VCSEL. An orthogonally-polarized modulation sideband generated from the injection-locked spin-VCSEL is used as a frequency-shifted local oscillator (LO). We verify that the frequency-shifted LO can be used for the homodyne detection of optical data signals with no degradation. Our findings suggest a novel application of spin-VCSELs for coherent optical communications.

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Section: Discussion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Laser Local Oscillators for Homodyne Detection in Coherent Optical Communications

Yokota

Yasaka

2021

Micromachines

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“…13(c) confirm that oscillation frequency of the grows with the increase of birefringence, responsible for the mode splitting, up to 44 GHz, comparable to the fastest . Even though only supporting static implications of birefringence due to mode splitting, discussed further below, alternative paths have shown even higher birefringence values using the elasto-optic effect up to ∼ 80 GHz [87], asymmetric heating up to ∼ 60 GHz [88], integrated surface gratings up to 98 GHz [89], and mechanical bending reaching 259 GHz [90].…”

Section: Birefringent Spin-lasersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance

Žutić

Lindemann

et al. 2020

Solid State Communications

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Introducing spin-polarized carriers in semiconductor lasers reveals an alternative path to realize roomtemperature spintronic applications, beyond the usual magnetoresistive effects. Through carrier recombination, the angular momentum of the spin-polarized carriers is transferred to photons, thus leading to the circularly polarized emitted light. The intuition for the operation of such spin-lasers can be obtained from simple bucket and harmonic oscillator models, elucidating their steady-state and dynamic response, respectively. These lasers extend the functionalities of spintronic devices and exceed the performance of conventional (spin-unpolarized) lasers, including an order of magnitude faster modulation frequency. Surprisingly, this ultrafast operation relies on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large anisotropy of the refractive index, both viewed as detrimental in spintronics and conventional lasers. Spin-lasers provide a platform to test novel concepts in spin devices and offer progress connected to the advances in more traditional areas of spintronics.

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“…In this section, we apply the developed theoretical tools to design and optimize conceptual spin-VCSEL structure with 1D grating, which locally induces extremely large linear birefringence and thus, large frequency splitting between co-existing linear modes. It is an alternative option to recently demonstrated methods based on heating or bending the structures [13,61] and implementing the surface grating [62,63].…”

Section: Application: Spin-vcsels For Ultrafast Data Transmission and Novel Thz Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-VCSELs with Local Optical Anisotropies: Toward Terahertz Polarization Modulation

et al. 2021

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We present a semi-classical model for spin-injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) with local optical anisotropies. Particular focus is put on highly-anisotropic spin-lasers with broad application potential. A generalized matrix formalism for extraction of the laser modes is introduced, which enables to calculate spatial distribution of vectorial modes in arbitrary spin-VCSELs. Time-dependence of such laser modes is further studied using the generalized coupled mode theory (CMT). It is the natural anisotropic generalization of the conventional modedecomposition approach. We use the circularly-polarized optical modes as the basis for CMT, which leads to extension of the well-known spin-flip model (SFM). In contrary to conventional SFM, the only input parameters are the geometric and local optical properties of the multilayer structure and properties of the gain media. The advantages of the theory are demonstrated on design and optimization of spin-VCSEL structure with high-contrast grating. We show that the proposed structures can be used for i) polarization modulation in THz range with tremendous applications for future ultrafast optical communication and ii) as perspective compact THz sources.

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Vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser with integrated surface grating for high birefringence splitting

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Spin Laser Local Oscillators for Homodyne Detection in Coherent Optical Communications

Spin Laser Local Oscillators for Homodyne Detection in Coherent Optical Communications

Spin-lasers: spintronics beyond magnetoresistance

Spin-VCSELs with Local Optical Anisotropies: Toward Terahertz Polarization Modulation

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