Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Light–Current Characteristic at Constant Internal Temperature

Abstract

Two continuous-wave measurement methods for the laser --characteristic at a constant internal temperature are presented (constant average cavity and constant junction (active region) temperature). The methods are used to correctly quantify the temperature dependence of threshold current and differential quantum efficiency without need for pulsed measurements. It is found that the deviations between both temperatures can be as high as 5 K in a 1390-nm InP-based buried tunnel junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (BTJ-VCSEL), which is the reason for the slight sublinearity of the characteristics at constant cavity temperature.

Comprehensive analysis of electrically-pumped GaSb-based VCSELs

“…By removing only the self-heating effect from other effects, it is possible to obtain the PI characteristics with a reduced non-linearity. For devices under study, we follow the wavelength method from [26] to obtain the PI characteristics at constant internal temperature. Figure 6 a) illustrates the contour curves of the device lasing wavelengths at different driving currents and heatsink temperature.…”

Gain compression in a quantum cascade laser: Connection between high frequency tuning and bending of LI curve

“…1 top). It is important to note that for this measurement the heatsink temperature T S of the laser was adjusted to keep the emitted wavelength constant [12], which compensates for the self-heating effect (Fig. 1, bottom).…”

“…Otherwise, variations in internal temperature would render the interpretation of results impossible. Based on [12] the internal temperature is extrapolated to be around 42˚C. (1), (2a)).…”