“…2 . Recent studies suggest that AI integration can provide a solution to resolve this issue [ [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Fig.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cost function, which was created by the logical interface between the dependent and independent variables from experimental data, was analyzed and optimized using ANN and GA [ 74 ]. Again, the research [ 55 ] reported that the increase in C p was 5.91%. The GA has demonstrated its acceptability through a number of implementations.…”
“…2 . Recent studies suggest that AI integration can provide a solution to resolve this issue [ [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Fig.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cost function, which was created by the logical interface between the dependent and independent variables from experimental data, was analyzed and optimized using ANN and GA [ 74 ]. Again, the research [ 55 ] reported that the increase in C p was 5.91%. The GA has demonstrated its acceptability through a number of implementations.…”
“…The current numerical method has been effectively applied to a range of problems involving thick rigid structures, such as circular cylinders, airfoils, and spherical solid objects, in past studies. [21][22][23][24][25][26]…”
Section: Two-stage Dfib With Prediction-correction Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The subgrid technique can also be used for solid–fluid boundary interface cells (cut cells) to refine the geometry of the solid body and calculate the fraction efficiently. This type of DFIB approach has been developed and used successfully in many studies 20‐26 . This is also referred to as the one‐stage direct‐forcing IB method.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This type of DFIB approach has been developed and used successfully in many studies. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] This is also referred to as the one-stage direct-forcing IB method. Furthermore, the virtual force term in the one-stage DFIB projection method revises the velocity field near the solid region but not the pressure at the end of each time step.…”
The new capability has been added as the numerical method for modeling volumeless and thin rigid bodies to the direct forcing immersed boundary (DFIB) method. The DFIB approach is based on adding a virtual force to the Navier–Stokes equations of incompressible flow to account for the interaction between the fluid and structures. The volume of a solid function (VOS) identifies the stationary or moving solid structures in a given fluid domain. A new VOS‐based algorithm was developed to identify thin, rigid structure boundary points in fluid flow and ensure that the fluid cannot cross through the boundary of a thin rigid structure while moving or stationary. The DFIB method was first validated in a three‐dimensional (3D) turbulent flow over a circular cylinder. The large‐eddy simulation simulated the turbulent flow scales. The proposed algorithm was tested using a 3D turbulent flow past a stationary and rotating Savonius wind turbine that functions as a thin, rigid body. The validation results showed that the selected DFIB approach, combined with the novel algorithm, could simulate a thin, volumeless, rigid structure that is stationary and rotating in incompressible turbulent flows. The current method is also applicable for two‐way fluid‐structure interaction problems.
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