Vertic Features

Kovda, I. V.; Mermut, A. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63522-8.00021-8

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…8 ). Diagnostic vertic soil properties, including a large and well-developed blocky structure along with strongly striated b-fabrics, are consistently observed throughout the Bss horizons 49 (Fig. 8 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Broz,

Pritchard-Peterson,

Spinola

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~ 50–55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming driven by a spike in atmospheric CO2. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~ 55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA > 98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~ 17 °C ± 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~ 1500 ± 299 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA > 80) with MAT estimates of ~ 20 °C ± 4.4 °C but have lower estimated MAP (~ 1100 ± 299 mm), suggesting a less humid climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Broz,

Pritchard-Peterson,

Spinola

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Micromorphological observations validated interpretation of these paleosols as Vertisols (Figure 8). Diagnostic vertic soil properties, including a large and well-developed blocky structure along with strongly striated b-fabrics, are consistently observed throughout the Bss horizons (Figure 8) (Kovda and Mermut, 2018).…”

Section: Hwatt (Red) Profilementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Deep (<75 cm) coarse-sand-filled polygonal mudcracks are green/gray in color (10Y 8/1) and are present in weak red (10R 5/4) soil matrix with abundant slickenslides and Fe-bearing concretions.Micromorphological observations validated interpretation of these paleosols as Vertisols (Figure8). Diagnostic vertic soil properties, including a large and well-developed blocky structure along with strongly striated b-fabrics, are consistently observed throughout the Bss horizons (Figure8)(Kovda and Mermut, 2018).The A horizons are characterized by a smaller blocky structure with a secondary granular structure, accompanied by a well-developed pore network resembling fine roots,…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Broz¹,

Pritchard-Peterson²,

Schneider³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (50-55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming due to atmospheric CO2 (Anagnostou et al., 2016). Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA >98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~17° C ± 4.4° C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~1920 ± 182 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA >80) with MAT estimates of ~20 °C ± 4.4° C but have lower estimated MAP (~1500 ± 108 mm), suggesting a less tropical climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.

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“…Fragments of clay coatings, pure and fine dusty, laminated, can be commonly detected, dislodged from their original illuvial sites, in the B-horizon of the buried Vertisol. Clay coatings are unusual in Vertisols, particularly those with fine laminated fabric; and where they have been documented, they feature a deformed kink-band fabric (Stoops, 2003;Kovda and Mermut, 2018). Instead, these pedofeatures can be considered here as relics of former brown forest soils, since laminated illuvial clay coatings form in soils under dense forest cover and moist subhumid climates, where water percolation is slowed down by the closed canopy, and allows low energy settling of translocated clay (Fedoroff and Goldberg, 1982;Bullock and Thompson, 1985;Gebhardt, 1993;French, 2005;Kühn et al, 2018).…”

Section: Evidence Of Anthropogenic Soil Changes In the Middle Holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Neolithic settlement and paleopedological changes during the Middle Holocene in northern Sardinia (Italy)

Marras

Boschian

2023

Front. Environ. Archaeol.

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Sardinia is the second biggest island in the Mediterranean region and has been intensely settled since the Middle Holocene (c.7750 BP). Despite a large number of documented Neolithic archaeological sites, very little is known about human-environmental interactions, including land use and domestic activities associated with the emergence and expansion of Neolithic settlements (c. 7750 and 5500 BP). To shed new light on these issues, we carried out new geoarchaeological analyses on buried soils and archaeological sequences exposed at the Neolithic site of Contraguda, northern Sardinia. Physical-chemical analyses combined with a micromorphological study of 24 thin sections from archaeological deposits and buried soil horizons were performed to evaluate the formation processes of archaeological deposits and paleosols. Soil micromorphology detected the presence of pedofeatures originating from land clearance and agricultural activities from the buried Vertisol. Vertisol and Entisol formation largely resulted from the anthropic impact on the landscape, which changed the trajectories of soil development and caused desertification of the environment. Furthermore, sediment fabric and pedofeatures also allowed us to reconstruct Neolithic domestic practices, showing that household maintenance waste debris, which also included animal penning refusal, was dumped into pit structures. Together, our results provide the first geoarchaeological evidence of human impact on soil development within the island during the Middle Holocene and give new insight into the Middle Neolithic (c. 6500-6000 BP) domestic behaviour and land use activities. These findings have significant implications for understanding the island's pedological history and offer a valuable insight on the settlement organization of the Neolithic farming communities and their impacts on the paleoenvironment of Sardinia.

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Vertic Features

Cited by 13 publications

References 93 publications

Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Neolithic settlement and paleopedological changes during the Middle Holocene in northern Sardinia (Italy)

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