Vertebrate eye development

Saha, Margaret S.; Servetnick, Marc; Grainger, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80176-5

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The current model for lens induction in vertebrates suggests that the prospective lens ectoderm is determined in a series of sequential steps (Grainger 1992;Saha et al 1992). Initially, during the late gastrula stage of the amphibian embryo, the competence of the ectoderm to respond to the induction signals is acquired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye

Ashery‐Padan¹,

Marquardt²,

Zhou³

et al. 2000

Genes Dev.

514

614

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The Pax6 transcription factor plays a key role in ocular development of vertebrates and invertebrates. Homozygosity of the Pax6 null mutation in human and mice results in arrest of optic vesicle development and failure to initiate lens formation. This phenotype obscures the understanding of autonomous function of Pax6 in these tissue components and during later developmental stages. We employed the Cre/loxP approach to inactivate Pax6 specifically in the eye surface ectoderm concomitantly with lens induction. Although lens induction occurred in the mutant, as indicated by Sox2 up-regulation in the surface ectoderm, further development of the lens was arrested. Hence, Pax6 activity was found to be essential in the specified ectoderm for lens placode formation. Furthermore, this mutant model allowed us for the first time to address in vivo the development of a completely normal retina in the absence of early lens structures. Remarkably, several independent, fully differentiated neuroretinas developed in a single optic vesicle in the absence of a lens, demonstrating that the developing lens is not necessary to instruct the differentiation of the neuroretina but is, rather, required for the correct placement of a single retina in the eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye

Ashery‐Padan¹,

Marquardt²,

Zhou³

et al. 2000

Genes Dev.

514

614

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The partial or complete loss of the eye does not reflect a failure of the initial developmental events of optic vesicle formation from the forebrain, since remnants of pigment epithelium were present in the embryos. Since the development of the retinal layers requires a hierarchy of inductive interactions between optic vesicle and overlying ectoderm (40), these early inductive events must have occurred normally. Rather, the phenotype suggests a subsequent degeneration of the eye, as demonstrated by increased apoptosis as well as by the remnants of some retinal cell layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mice Lacking the Giant Protocadherin mFAT1 Exhibit Renal Slit Junction Abnormalities and a Partially Penetrant Cyclopia and Anophthalmia Phenotype

Ciani

Patel

Allen

et al. 2003

Molecular and Cellular Biology

218

184

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While roles in adhesion and morphogenesis have been documented for classical cadherins, the nonclassical cadherins are much less well understood. Here we have examined the functions of the giant protocadherin FAT by generating a transgenic mouse lacking mFAT1. These mice exhibit perinatal lethality, most probably caused by loss of the renal glomerular slit junctions and fusion of glomerular epithelial cell processes (podocytes). In addition, some mFAT1 ؊/؊ mice show defects in forebrain development (holoprosencephaly) and failure of eye development (anophthalmia). In contrast to Drosophila, where FAT acts as a tumor suppressor gene, we found no evidence for abnormalities of proliferation in two tissues (skin and central nervous system [CNS]) containing stem and precursor cell populations and in which FAT is expressed strongly. Our results confirm a necessary role for FAT1 in the modified adhesion junctions of the renal glomerular epithelial cell and reveal hitherto unsuspected roles for FAT1 in CNS development.Cell adhesion molecules are essential for the regulation of coordinated changes in cell shape and position that occur during morphogenesis and also for the maintenance of cell-cell interactions once development is complete. The best-studied families of cell adhesion molecules are the cadherins. These were originally identified as Ca 2ϩ -dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins characterized by five repeated cadherin-specific motifs in their extracellular domain. This domain is an approximately 110-amino-acid peptide that mediates homophilic interactions with other cadherin molecules, forming dimers which then interact with dimers on neighboring cells (41,45,46). The cytoplasmic domain of these so-called classical fiverepeat cadherins is well conserved between different members of the family, containing motifs required for interaction with catenins that can then mediate linkage to the cytoskeleton (13,17,34,42). In addition to the classical cadherins, at least five other classes of cadherins have been identified: nonclassical cadherins, in which the first extracellular repeat does not contain the HAV (histidine-alanine-valine) cell adhesion sequence present in all classical cadherins, and four additional families. Two of these, the desmosomal adhesion molecules desmocollins and desmogleins, all share the five extracellular cadherin repeat structure with the sole exception of desmocollin-1. Two other families, the flamingo cadherins and protocadherins, have variable numbers of cadherin repeats and additional motifs as well as differing cytoplasmic domain sequences (30,44).

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“…Formation of the vertebrate eye requires the coordinated interaction of the forebrain neuro-ectoderm, neural crest derived mesenchymal cells and adjacent surface ectoderm (reviewed by Saha et al, 1992). The relevant stages during the morphogenesis of the avian eye are summarized schematically in Figure 4 (based on studies described by Romanoff, 1960;Prada et al, 1991).…”

Section: Unequal Distribution Of the Ld Proteins During Eye Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other genes with putative regulatory functions are expressed during eye induction and differentiation (reviewed by Saha et al, 1992;Park and Hollenberger, 1993), but not much is known about their possible functions. However, mutations in the Pax6 gene in humans (AN; Ton et al, 19911, mouse (Se; Hill et al, 19911, and Drosophila melanogaster (ey;Quiring et al, 1994) dramatically affect eye morphogenesis and reveal its essential and evolutionarily conserved role during eye induction and development.…”

Section: Is There a Role For The Id Gene Products During Eye And Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb deformity proteins during avian neurulation and sense organ development

Pompa

James

Zeller

1995

Developmental Dynamics

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The nuclear Limb deformity (Ld) proteins (formins) are expressed during the avian primitive streak stages. Initially, they are detected predominantly in cells of the forming notochord, scattered mesodermal precursors and the induced neural plate. No expression is detected in endodermal cells. The subsequent graded distribution of Ld positive cells along the anterior-posterior axis of the neural tube follows the antero-posterior progression of its differentiation. The Ld proteins are also differentially expressed during induction and development of both the inner ear and eye. An unequal distribution of Ld proteins along the dorso-ventral axis of the otic vesicle is observed during its initial patterning. In the eye, the Ld proteins are expressed by the optic vesicle during secondary induction of the lens placode. Following induction, the proteins are also expressed by the newly formed lens placode, a process which is reminiscent of homeogenetic induction. During differentiation of the retina and lens, the Ld domains seem to demarcate territories, giving rise to specific eye structures. A comparative analysis of the Ld distribution and BrdU incorporation in the two sense organs indicates that the proteins are predominantly expressed by committed and/or differentiating (post-mitotic) cells. In general, expression of Ld proteins is induced during determination and remains during differentiation of particular celltypes. This study implies that the nuclear Ld proteins are involved in morphogenesis of both neuro-ectodermal and mesodermal structures.

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Vertebrate eye development

Cited by 77 publications

References 37 publications

Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye

Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye

Mice Lacking the Giant Protocadherin mFAT1 Exhibit Renal Slit Junction Abnormalities and a Partially Penetrant Cyclopia and Anophthalmia Phenotype

Limb deformity proteins during avian neurulation and sense organ development

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