Vertebral arteries and neck rotation: Doppler velocimeter interexaminer reliability

Vertebral Artery Blood flow Velocity Changes Associated with Cervical Spine rotation: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence with implications for Professional Practice

“…These contradictory findings are most likely because of differ-ences in methodology and procedures for measuring VA blood flow changes across the various studies. For instance, healthy persons 10,16,18,19,22,24,25,29,[39][40][41][42][43] as well as patients 15,23,[30][31][32]35,38 , some exhibiting signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency or ischemia (VBI) 21,23,[29][30][31][32]38 , were used as subjects. The individuals were variously positioned in sitting 16,22,30,43,44,46 , supine lying 25,29,40,42 , or prone lying 39 .…”

“…The individuals were variously positioned in sitting 16,22,30,43,44,46 , supine lying 25,29,40,42 , or prone lying 39 . Different instrumentation was used by the researchers for Doppler insonation of the VA, including continuous wave 18,23,30,31 and pulsed-wave 10,15,16,19,21,22,25,26,28,29,32,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46 Doppler, with and without color flow imaging. Lastly, different parts of the VA were studied, such as the pre-vertebral (VA1) 10,25,26,32,38 , cervical (VA2) 15,18,19,21,23,24,[29][30][31]…”

“…Different instrumentation was used by the researchers for Doppler insonation of the VA, including continuous wave 18,23,30,31 and pulsed-wave 10,15,16,19,21,22,25,26,28,29,32,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46 Doppler, with and without color flow imaging. Lastly, different parts of the VA were studied, such as the pre-vertebral (VA1) 10,25,26,32,38 , cervical (VA2) 15,18,19,21,23,24,[29][30][31][35][36][37][40][41][42] , suboccipital (VA3) 44,45 , or intracranial (VA4) 16,22,28,39,…”

Posterior Ponticles and Rotational Stenosis of Vertebral Arteries. A Pilot Study Using Doppler Ultrasound Velocimetry and Magnetic Resonance Angiography

“…[11][12][13][14] Another study 15 that compared Doppler velocimetry with color duplex sonography indicated that the former had high validity (k = 1.00) in determining rotational stenosis of vertebral arteries. Haynes et al 16 found that the Doppler technique also displayed high interexaminer reliability (k = 0.68).…”

Cervical arterial dissection: An overview and implications for manipulative therapy practice

“…Some suggest that quantitative measurement of blood flow could be used in screening using devices such as a hand-held velocimeter (Haynes et al 2000, Kerry et al, 2008. However both ultrasound and MRI studies have shown that even in those with hypoplastic vessels and low or even absent flow in contralateral rotation, signs and symptoms of VBI did not necessarily ensue (Rivett, 2000, Thomas et al, 2013, Thomas et al 2008.…”