Versatility of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid–Induced Hepatotoxicity

Patil, Vaibhav; Jothimani, Dinesh; Harika, Kavya; Hakeem, Abdul; Sachan, Deepti; Vij, Mukul; Rela, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2021.03.003

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, a recent multi-center prospective study regarding the incidence of liver injury in transgender patients treated with hormone therapy including AASs showed no significant ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or GGT elevations[ 35 ]. Most of the hepatotoxic effects, cholestasis, peliosis, and liver tumors are associated with orally administered AASs such as testosterone cypionate, enanthate, propionate, methyltestosterone, oxymetholone, danazol, stanozolol, formebolone, and methandienone[ 36 , 37 ], but intramuscular preparations were also linked to hepatotoxic effects[ 38 ]. Patil et al [ 38 ] reported three cases of AAS-induced hepatotoxicity which all manifested differently.…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the hepatotoxic effects, cholestasis, peliosis, and liver tumors are associated with orally administered AASs such as testosterone cypionate, enanthate, propionate, methyltestosterone, oxymetholone, danazol, stanozolol, formebolone, and methandienone[ 36 , 37 ], but intramuscular preparations were also linked to hepatotoxic effects[ 38 ]. Patil et al [ 38 ] reported three cases of AAS-induced hepatotoxicity which all manifested differently. The first case was a 31-year-old man who developed cholestatic liver injury after 2 mo of oxymetholone use, the second case was a 24-year-old man who developed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and multiple hepatic adenomas after 3 years of intramuscular testosterone decanoate and daily oral stanozolol use, and the third case was a 36-year-old man with steatohepatitis after 2 mo of intramuscular nandrolone decanoate use[ 38 ].…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patil et al [ 38 ] reported three cases of AAS-induced hepatotoxicity which all manifested differently. The first case was a 31-year-old man who developed cholestatic liver injury after 2 mo of oxymetholone use, the second case was a 24-year-old man who developed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and multiple hepatic adenomas after 3 years of intramuscular testosterone decanoate and daily oral stanozolol use, and the third case was a 36-year-old man with steatohepatitis after 2 mo of intramuscular nandrolone decanoate use[ 38 ]. The exact incidence of AAS DILI is difficult to establish due to both underreporting and lack of awareness.…”

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update

Petrovic¹,

Vukadin²,

Sikora³

et al. 2022

WJG

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects. These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism. However, they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic, skeletal muscle building, and performance-enhancing effects. Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs, leading to cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematologic disorders. Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse. Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis, peliosis hepatis, and hepatic benign and malignant tumors. It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors, upregulation of bile acid synthesis, and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia. Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS. However, some long-term consequences are irreversible. AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders, especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS. In this paper, we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver, and their clinical presentations, prevalence, and pathophysiological mechanisms.

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Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hepatotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update

Petrovic¹,

Vukadin²,

Sikora³

et al. 2022

WJG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After seven days of adaptation to the environment, the rats were divided into 7 groups of seven animals, including: (1) sham control (sham), ( 2) stanozolol (S), (3) 50 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT50), (4) 100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT100), (5) resistance training (RT), (6) resistance training + 50 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (RT + TT50), and (7) resistance training + 100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (RT + TT100) by a simple random sampling method. Then, the stanozolol groups received stanozolol peritoneally five days a week at a dose of 5 mg/ kg (cumulative weekly dose of 25 mg/kg).…”

Section: Grouping and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In some studies, the relationship between AAS abuse and hepatotoxicity was also reported. 6,7 Studies show that the abuse of AAS leads to liver cell dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and impairing lipoprotein metabolism and aminotransferases. 8 In another study, ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in athletes who were taking the drug compared to athletes who had quit it in the last three months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Resistance Training with Tribulus terrestris on Liver Enzymes in Rats Exposed to Stanozolol

Kiani

Keshavarz

Hoseini

et al. 2022

Int J Basic Sci Med

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Introduction: Today, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and growth hormone are widely used in men and women to increase strength and muscle mass in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training (R) and Tribulus terrestris (TT) on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats exposed to stanozolol (S). Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male Sprague Dawley rats with an age range of 8-10 weeks and an approximate weight of 180-200 g were randomly divided into 7 groups of seven animals, including: (1) sham, (2) stanozolol (5 mg/kg/day) (S), (3) 50 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT50), (4) 100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (TT100), (5) resistance training (RT), (6) RT+TT50, and (7) RT+TT100. Resistance training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test in SPSS version 22.0 (P≥0.05). Results: AST, ALT, and ALP levels in the RT, TT50, TT100, RT+TT50, and RT+TT100 groups were significantly lower compared to the S group (P≥0.05). AST and ALP levels in the TT100 group were lower compared to the TT50 group (P≥0.05). Moreover, ALT and ALP levels in the RT+TT100 group were lower compared to the RT+TT50 group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that resistance training together with TT consumption synergistically improves liver enzymes in rats exposed to stanozolol. In addition, the effect of resistance training+100 mg/kg T. terrestris extract (RT+TT100) is much more favorable than RT+TT50, TT50, and TT100.

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LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of cortisol of hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhou,

Li,

Yin

et al. 2024

Biomedical Chromatography

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The imbalance of steroid hormones is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, most research has focused on steroid hormone receptors, and reports about the relationship between the serum concentration of cortisol and the development of HCC are rare. The aim of this research was to establish a simple, specific, sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantitation of cortisol in human serum and to compare the level of cortisol in serum between 221 HCC patients and 183 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the linear regression with a weighing factor of 1/x2 ranged from 0.9933 to 0.9984 over the range of 2–1,000 ng/ml. The inter‐ and intra‐day precision and accuracy were <10%. The matrix effect and recovery of cortisol were 94.9–102.5% and 96.3–99.8%, respectively. The concentration of cortisol in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (p < 0.05) and was not affected by sex, age, menopause or α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level. The present study reveals that elevated cortisol might promote the progression of HCC.

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Versatility of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid–Induced Hepatotoxicity

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update

Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update

The Effect of Resistance Training with Tribulus terrestris on Liver Enzymes in Rats Exposed to Stanozolol

LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of cortisol of hepatocellular carcinoma

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