Versatile sweat bioanalysis on demand with hydrogel-programmed wearables

The role of nanoparticles in non‐invasive electrochemical immunosensor technology and recent developments

“…Wearable electrochemical sensors are thought to play an important role in health monitoring and the transition to telemedicine [24]. The surfaces used for wearable sensor production can generally be classified as paper-based [55], hydrogel-based [56], and textile-based [57]. A schematic representation of the study is given in Figure 5B and it is based on a heat-sensitive hydrogel that can absorb sweat secreted in slow flow without various exercises.…”

“…A schematic representation of the study is given in Figure 5B and it is based on a heat-sensitive hydrogel that can absorb sweat secreted in slow flow without various exercises. They stated that in future studies, a sweat rate/volume measurement unit could be included in the system to minimize the uncertainty caused by people with different sweat rates [56]. Prabhu et al developed a textile-based immunosensor for selective electrochemical detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) cancer biomarker.…”

“…Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [55], B) Sweat bioanalysis: i) sweat cortisol analysis, ii) photographs depicting the flow of sweat and the flow from the hydrogel module to the detection channel thanks to electrical heating. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [56], C) The construction of α-Fe 2 O 3 on CCY and electrochemical measurement mechanism. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [57].…”

A dual-mode wearable sensor with coupled ion and pressure sensing

“…Wearable sensors can be classified into physical and biochemical types based on target physiological signals. Specifically, wearable physical sensors are designed to monitor biophysical signals such as body motions, blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature [9][10][11][12][13] , while biochemical sensors focus on the analysis of biomarkers in body fluids to indicate the health state at the molecule level [14][15][16][17] . The comprehensive evaluation of the body state for precious health management and diagnosis calls for nextgeneration hybrid wearables capable of physical and biochemical sensing concurrently [18,19] .…”

Ultrasensitive Bio-H2S Gas Sensor Based on Cu2O-MWCNT Heterostructures

“…In recent years, the development of noninvasive disease detection devices has been widely studied by researchers. − Compared with traditional blood analysis, noninvasive detection of biomarkers in oral exhaled breath, urine, sweat, and other metabolites can effectively reduce the technical threshold of application, improve the efficiency of early disease diagnosis, and alleviate the psychological pressure of the daily monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. − According to statistics, oral exhaled breath contains approximately 3000 trace gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and abnormal physiological and pathological conditions in humans often lead to changes in their concentrations. Therefore, the detection of oral exhaled breath has become a highly valuable disease surveillance method.…”