Versatile Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polyelectrolytes for Bioelectronics by Incorporation of an Activated Ester

Abstract

The field of bioelectronics leverages the optoelectronic properties of synthetic materials to interface with living systems. These applications require materials that are conductive, aqueous-processible, biocompatible, and can be chemically modified for biofunctionalization. While conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes have been reported that demonstrate several of these features, materials that offer each of these properties simultaneously are rare. Here, we develop copolymers of anionic polyelectrolyte poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b]-[1,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-1-butanesulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PEDOT-S) containing structural units with amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-esters. The reported PEDOT-NHS copolymers demonstrate water solubility and electrical conductivities similar to previously reported PEDOT-S, as well as the ability to bind important amine-rich biomaterials. Furthermore, the PEDOT-NHS copolymers were biocompatible and hemocompatible and therefore show promise for next-generation bioelectronic and regenerative engineering applications.

Biomimetic Platelet Nanomotors for Site-Specific Thrombolysis and Ischemic Injury Alleviation

“…4 preconjugated with Cy5-NHS ester using a previously established method. 33 Fluorescently labeled P6, PEDOT, and PLT were prepared and assembled to form P6@PEDOT@PLT, as mentioned earlier.…”

“…Excess DHE was removed by centrifugal filtration using 10 kDa MW filters (Millipore), followed by repeated washing with pH 7.4 buffer. Additionally, PEDOT was preconjugated with Cy5-NHS ester using a previously established method . Fluorescently labeled P6, PEDOT, and PLT were prepared and assembled to form P6@PEDOT@PLT, as mentioned earlier.…”

The future of electronic materials is…degradable!

“…60 Touch Fig. 5 Bioderived active materials for electronics-Melanine, 43,87 and synthetically derived active materials for electronics-PEDOT:PSS, 31,32,34,48,56,57,59,60,72,75,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94] polyaniline(PANI), 62,95 polyimine, 25,96 (the structure of melanin has been adapted 97 ).…”

Electron and ion transport in semi-dilute conjugated polyelectrolytes: view from a coarse-grained tight binding model

“…[2][3][4] Moreover, these molecular attributes facilitate simultaneous electronic and ionic conduction in a single phase, making CPEs an important material class within the field of organic mixed ion-electron conductors (OMIECs) that are transforming bioelectronics. [5][6][7][8] This combination of functional attributes sits at the intersection of the relatively mature fields of electron and ion transporting polymers, but cannot benefit from the näive application of pre-existing design rules from either field due to the strong coupling between electronic and ionic degrees of freedom. 9 Experimental work on semidilute CPEs has existed for over a decade, providing nascent structure-function relationships that are the foundations for molecular design strategies.…”