Versatile Ca₂LnSbO₆:Eu³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors for temperature sensing and plant growth LED

Abstract

A multifunctional double-perovskite-type Ca 2 LnSbO 6 (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors with Eu 3+ and Mn 4+ co-doped were successfully synthesized and designed to simultaneously apply to temperature sensing and plant growth LED. With temperature varying from 303 to 523 K, the integrated intensity of Mn 4+ ions ( 2 E g → 4 A 2g ) markedly decline swifter comparing to Eu 3+ ions ( 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 ) due to the thermal quenching effect. It implies that Mn 4+ is susceptive to the temperature in this work. Eu 3+ exhibits high heat resistance, which can be selected as a calibration parameter for the fluorescence intensity ratio temperature sensor. The maximum relative sensitivity (S r ) values of Ca 2 LnSbO 6 :1%Eu 3+ , 0.5%Mn 4+ (Ln = La, Y, and Gd) phosphor are estimated as 2.19% K −1 at 443 K, 1.68% K −1 at 503 K, and 1.80% K −1 at 483 K, respectively. They are superior to many recent emerging phosphors. Moreover, upon 365 nm excitation, Ca 2 LnSbO 6 :1%Eu, 0.5%Mn (Ln = La, Y, Gd, and Lu) phosphors display a wide red emission peaking at 696, 680, 677, and 684 nm, respectively. They come from the overlapped of 2 E g -4 A 2g of Mn 4+ and 5 D 0 -7 F 4 transition of Eu 3+ . Their full widths at half maximum are 34, 35, 35, and 29 nm, respectively. They are all perfectly overlapping the absorption curves of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and their fabricated red phosphor-converted light-emitting diode device ulteriorly corroborated the promising applications for plant growth. Markedly, the systematic analysis of their crystal chemistry and site preferentially occupancy is first reported and discussed by the bond valence theory.

An Al3+-incorporated Ca2LuNbO6:Mn4+ oxide phosphor with dramatic deep-red and far-red emission bands

“…Chemical substitution is widely used to manipulate the local structure of Mn 4+ activators, thereby achieving efficient red-light emission. 33 Fig. 7 illustrates the excitation (Fig.…”

Evidence and Practical Applications of Site Occupancy Theory (SOT) of Eu3+ in Scheelite Compounds

“…Here, we take KY(WO 4 ) 2 :1%Eu 3+ as an example and calculate the site occupation of KY(WO 4 ) 2 :1%Eu 3+ , Na 5 Y(WO 4 ) 4 :1%Eu 3+ , LiAl(MoO 4 ) 2 :1% Eu 3+ , and LiLu(MoO 4 ) 2 :1%Eu 3+ using the site occupancy theory (SOT). The size of the bond energy is described as follows ,, | Δ E M −O K / Y / W | = | false( N M × E̅ normalM −O false) − false( N M × E̅ normalK / normalY / W −O false) | = N M × | E̅ M −O − E̅ K / Y / normalW −O | = N M × | Δ E M −O K / Y / W | where N M represents the concentration of the doped rare earth ions in mol. Therefore, for the same matrix lattice, we only need to consider the value of Δ E M–O K/Y/W .…”

Glass-based LED system for indoor horticulture: enhanced plant growth through Sm3+ and Tm3+ co-doped luminescent glasses

“…Inorganic photoluminescent materials are becoming increasingly popular for plant growth LEDs because of their unique optical and emission properties. 13–36 However, usually their instability remains a significant challenge, despite their well-suited spectral properties. Therefore, it is usually critical to encapsulate these photoluminescent materials in a chemically, thermally, and mechanically stable environment to ensure their efficient performance.…”