Verruciform Xanthoma of the Esophagus: Two Case Reports With Review of the Literature

Abstract

Verruciform xanthoma is a rare benign verrucopapillary lesion that develops in the oral mucosa and genital skin. Its development in the esophagus is extremely rare, with only 5 reported cases. We present 2 cases of verruciform xanthoma of the esophagus. Case 1 involved a 91-year-old woman, who had hypertension and chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection, with a 12-year history of a 10-mm white-yellow elevated lesion on the esophagus, 35 cm from the incisor teeth. Case 2 involved a 70-year-old man with fundic gland polyp, hyperlipidemia, and lung cancer, who had a 10-mm whitish granular/verrucoid lesion on the esophagus, 28 cm from the incisor teeth. Microscopically, these lesions show verrucous and papillomatous epithelial hyperplasia with neutrophilic intraepithelial exocytosis. The histological hallmark is the presence of numerous foamy histiocytes infiltrating the elongated squamous epithelial papillae. Although its etiology is unknown, irritation or trauma caused by radiotherapy has been suggested.

Giant extramucosal verruciform xanthoma over a discoid lupus erythematosus plaque in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

“…It usually occurs on the mucosal surfaces (oral cavity mostly). However, other nonoral mucosal surfaces have been reported which include the penis, esophagus, and vulva 2 . It has been reported with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RBED), discoid lupus, and in healthy individuals 3,4 .…”

Vulvar Verruciform Xanthoma: A Comprehensive Literature Review

“… 1 It was first described in 1971 on the oral mucosa. 2 Since then, the extraoral cases have also been reported, especially cases with lesions on anogenital area, 2 thumb, 3 esophagus 4 and other areas, which are usually presented as painless polypoid or sessile papules with a verrucous or pebbly surface and pink-yellowish hue. 1 …”