Vero: An accessible method for studying human–AI teamwork

Schecter, Aaron; Hohenstein, Jess; Larson, Lindsay Elizabeth; Harris, Alexa; Hou, Tsung-Yu; Lee, Wen-Ying; Lauharatanahirun, Nina; DeChurch, Leslie A.; Contractor, Noshir; Jung, Malte

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107606

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A key sub-question is whether we can tell the difference between a human and an AI. In a recent study of 'emotional attachment' to AI as team members [52], most participants could tell the difference between an AI and a human from the interaction, i.e. they generally guess correctly when it is an AI.…”

Section: Ex Machina -Ai Anthropomorphism and Emotional Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

Kirwan

2024

Preprint

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Artificial Intelligence is developing at a rapid place, with examples of Machine Learning already utilized in aviation to improve efficiency. In the coming decade it is likely that Intelligent Assistants (IAs) or ‘Digital Colleagues’ will be developed and deployed to assist aviation personnel in the cockpit, the air traffic control centre and airports. This will be a game-changer and may herald the way forward for single pilot operations, AI-based management of Urban Mobility including fleets of drones and sky-taxis, and more carbon-efficient transport across global commercial transport networks. Yet in aviation there is a core underlying tenet that ‘people make safety’ and keep the skies and passengers safe, based on a robust industry-wide safety culture. The introduction of IAs into aviation could potentially undermine aviation’s hard-won track record in this area. This paper applies a scientifically validated safety culture tool to explore the potential impacts of the introduction of IAs into aviation. The results suggest that there are indeed potential negative outcomes, but also possible safety ‘affordances’ wherein AI could strengthen safety culture. Safeguards and mitigations are suggested for the key ‘risk owners’ in aviation organisations, to ensure safety remains a priority in the industry.

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Section: Ex Machina -Ai Anthropomorphism and Emotional Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

Kirwan

2024

Preprint

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“…A key sub-question is whether we can tell the difference between a human and an AI. In a recent study of 'emotional attachment' to AIs as team members [44], most participants could tell the difference between an AI and a human from the interaction, i.e., they guess correctly when it is an AI.…”

Section: Ai Anthropomorphism and Emotional Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

Kirwan

2024

Future Transportation

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Artificial intelligence is developing at a rapid pace, with examples of machine learning already being used in aviation to improve efficiency. In the coming decade, it is likely that intelligent assistants (IAs) will be deployed to assist aviation personnel in the cockpit, the air traffic control center, and in airports. This will be a game-changer and may herald the way forward for single-pilot operations and AI-based air traffic management. Yet in aviation there is a core underlying tenet that ‘people create safety’ and keep the skies and passengers safe, based on a robust industry-wide safety culture. Introducing IAs into aviation might therefore undermine aviation’s hard-won track record in this area. Three experts in safety culture and human-AI teaming used a validated safety culture tool to explore the potential impacts of introducing IAs into aviation. The results suggest that there are indeed potential negative outcomes, but also possible safety affordances wherein AI could strengthen safety culture. Safeguards and mitigations are suggested for the key risk owners in aviation organizations, from CEOs to middle managers, to safety departments and frontline staff. Such safeguards will help ensure safety remains a priority across the industry.

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“…The physical prototype of Vero (see Figure 4.3) consists of a floating ball with a microphone. The video prototype is slightly different, but also consists of a non-anthropomorphic shape (see Figure 4.4, (Hohenstein et al, 2022;Schecter et al, 2023)). I worked with the latter, since a corpus of video recordings with this prototype had already been collected and was readily available for use.…”

Section: The Vero Robot Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

Robot Sound in Interaction : Analyzing and Designing Sound for Human-Robot Coordination

Pelikan

2023

Studies in Language and Culture

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Robots naturally emit sound, but we still know little about how sound can serve as an interface that makes a robot's behavior explainable to humans. This dissertation draws on insights about human practices for coordinating bodily activities through sound, investigating how they could inform robot design. My work builds on three video corpora, involving i) a Cozmo robot in ten family homes, ii) autonomous public shuttle buses in an urban environment, and iii) a teamwork robot prototype controlled by a researcher and interacting with study participants in an experimental setting. I approached the data from two methodological angles, exploring how they can speak to each other: I first carried out an empirical analysis of the video data from an Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis (EMCA) perspective, focusing on how humans make sense of robot sound on a moment-by-moment basis in naturally occurring interaction. Subsequently, taking an Interaction Design perspective, I used my video recordings as a design material for exploring how robot sound could be designed in and for real-time interaction. My work contributes to Human-Robot Interaction through detailed studies of robots in the world (rather than in the lab), focusing on how participants make sense of robot sounds. I present a novel framework for designing sound in and for interaction and a prototyping practice that allows practitioners to embed an EMCA stance into their designs. The dissertation contributes to EMCA by describing how members embed autonomous machines into the social organization of activities and how humans treat robots as participants in the interaction. I make a contribution to the development of EMCA hybrid studies by seeking a synthesis between EMCA and robot interaction design.vi Most importantly, I would like to thank my supervisors for embarking on this journey with me. Leelo Keevallik, I cannot thank you enough for your wise guidance, and for leaving me so much freedom to explore within your project. Your curiosity and leadership continue to inspire me. Mathias Broth, you have sparked my initial interest in interaction analysis, and I am so grateful to have you as a co-supervisor. Malte Jung, while not formally registered as a supervisor, you have been an important mentor far beyond the months that I spent in your lab. I have tremendously benefited from the discussions with my opponents Stuart Reeves and Karola Pitsch, and readers Brian Due, Roberto Bresin, Malte Jung and Jakob Cromdal at the PhD seminars. Thank you for encouraging me to explore new avenues and pushing me to better articulate my ideas.To my amazing colleagues in Leelo's project:

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Vero: An accessible method for studying human–AI teamwork

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Future Aviation Safety Culture

Robot Sound in Interaction : Analyzing and Designing Sound for Human-Robot Coordination

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