Vernier effect based fiber laser with switchable and stable single-mode output behavior

Selectable and stable single-frequency fiber laser with flattened power range and sub-kHz linewidth output

“…Compared with the previous and similar works [10,11,15,16], we only use two fiber ring design and an EDF SA of 2 m induced mode-filter effect to achieve SLM operation and sub-kHz linewidth. This means that the presented EDF laser is simple in architecture and easy to implement.…”

“…In the previous works, to realize the SLM of EDF laser system, some techniques have been confirmed to decrease the multi-longitudinal-mode (MML) oscillation fully, such as using the ultra-narrow bandwidth filter [8,9], unpumped EDF based saturable absorber (SA) [10,11], optical injection method [12], Rayleigh backscattering (RB) effect [13,14], multiple fiber ring configuration [15,16], and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based filter [17]. As mentioned above, the way these were applied within the fiber laser architecture could be used to result in the SLM output and shrink the linewidth.…”

Stable wavelength-swept single-frequency erbium fiber laser in L-band tuning bandwidth

“…And a sub-ring is also involved in the laser cavity scheme to regard as the Ring 3 . According to the Vernier principle [11,12], the fiber rings of Ring 1 to Ring 3 can create the mode-filter effect owing to different ring lengths, when the effective FSR is generated for multi-mode suppression. The Ring 3 having a 5.5 m unpumped EDF is also employed to produce the mode-filter effect by using a 2 × 2 CP 1 .…”

“…Nevertheless, because of the longer fiber length and EDF's homogeneous broadening effect, the EDF laser could result in the multiple and unstable longitudinal-mode fluctuations [9]. To mitigate the dense longitudinal-mode variations, several associated methods have been proposed, such as utilizing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based comb filter [10], composite-fiber-ring configuration [11,12], saturable absorber (SA) based filter [13,14] and optical feedback injection effect [2,15]. Commonly, the most of EDF lasers operated in the C-band scope from 1528 to 1562 nm.…”

Rydberg State Single-Mode Polariton Lasing with Ultralow Threshold via Symmetry Engineering

“…The realization of broadband-tunable single-mode nanolasers with high power efficiency is critical to a plethora of technological applications, such as all-optical information processing, optical encryption, super-resolution biomedical imaging, and miniaturized smart display. To date, several strategies have been developed to generate single-mode lasing, including fabrication of a distributed Bragg reflector or distributed feedback gratings, reduction of cavity size, , and utilization of the Vernier effect. − While generating applicable single-mode lasing, these strategies, however, suffer from their own drawbacks as well, such as complicated fabrication procedures, a high threshold, and a large cavity size. Meanwhile, thanks to the great efforts devoted in the past decades, rapid progress has also been made in tuning the emission wavelength of nanolasers.…”