Vernalisation in Australian spring canola explains variable flowering responses

Whish, Jeremy; Lilley, Julianne M.; Morrison, Malcolm J.; Cocks, Brett; Bullock, Melanie

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107968

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Photoperiod (or day length) has been found to be an important factor that controls flowering time in other species; however, it has only been tested for northern hemisphere species (across Europe; Ma et al, 2020 and North America; Marchin et al, 2015) and southern hemisphere agricultural species (e.g. canola; Whish et al, 2020 and wheat; Sadras & Monzon, 2006). There are no data on species’ photoperiod sensitivity in flowering time for the species considered in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology

et al. 2022

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1. Shifts in flowering phenology have been studied in detail in the northern hemisphere and are a key plant response to climate change. However, there are relatively fewer data on species' phenological shifts in the southern hemisphere.2. We combined historic field data, data from herbarium specimens dating back to 1842 and modern field data for 37 Australian species to determine whether species were flowering earlier in the year than they had in the past. We also combined our results with data compiled in the southern and northern hemispheres, respectively, to determine whether southern hemisphere species are showing fewer advances in flowering phenology through time.3. Across our study species, we found that 12 species had undergone significant shifts in flowering time, with four species advancing their flowering and eight species delaying their flowering. The remaining 25 species showed no significant shifts in their flowering phenology. These findings are important because delays or lack of shifts in flowering phenology can lead to mismatches in trophic interactions between plants and pollinators or seed dispersers, which can have substantial impacts on ecosystem functioning and primary productivity. Combining our field results with data compiled from the literature showed that only 58.5% of southern hemisphere species were advancing their flowering time, compared with 81.6% of species that were advancing their flowering time in the northern hemisphere. Our study provides further evidence that it is not adequate for ecologists to assume that southern hemisphere ecosystems will respond to future climate change in the same way as ecosystems north of the Equator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology

et al. 2022

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“…The phyllochron's maximum node appearance estimation is within 300-350˚Cd (Figure 2) following Whish et al (2020) model but with wide ˚Cd ranges per node (Figure 2). Ambient temperature greatly influences initiation of flowering in canola (Kirkegaard et al, 2018;Lilley et al, 2019), which occurs at bolting (stage 3.0).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Response of seeding rate and cultivar maturity with planting dates in canola

Nafi,

Torrion

2024

Agronomy Journal

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Understanding whether increasing seeding rate in canola (Brassica napus) provides a yield‐compensatory mechanism with delayed planting due to weather or logistical issues is important. We aim to refine agronomic recommendations for canola production under short‐season growing conditions to establish an optimal planting date and identify any interaction of spring canola cultivar and seeding rate with planting date. We conducted this study in 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Creston, MT, as split–split plot with planting dates, cultivar maturities, and seeding rates as mainplot, subplot, and sub‐subplot, respectively. Except 2016, 0.06 Mg day−1 yield reduction with delayed planting was observed in 2014 and likely in 2015. In 2016, daytime temperatures rose early in May, facilitating the early cessation of node production on the mainstem and, therefore, exposure to high temperatures at flower of the mid‐April planted canola. Generally, the mid‐April planted canola showed more nodes on the mainstem at the bolting stage. The low seeding rate increased pod number (p < 0.0001) as yield‐compensatory mechanism. The late‐maturing cultivar only showed yield advantage when planted in mid‐April, seeded at low seeding rate, or planted during a hot and dry year. In this study, the optimal planting date for canola in this region or similar short‐season growing condition is mid‐April, and the probability of yield loss increases when planting is delayed. The optimal seeding rate of this study is 86 live seeds m−2 regardless of planting date. Overall, a high seeding rate as a management strategy to compensate for yield loss with delayed planting is not recommended.

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“…Should they exhibit different nutrient accumulation responses, fertility recommendations may be updated to address their nutritional demands. It is likely that the early season carinata genotypes will transition from vegetative to reproductive stage earlier than the commercial variety (Avanza 641) (Whish et al., 2020), which can alter the period of peak nutrient demand. This has important nutrient management implications especially with regard to timing of nutrient application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassica carinata nutrient accumulation and partitioning across maturity types and latitude

et al. 2023

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As a recently introduced crop in the United States, there are limited data regarding temporal nutrient accumulation and partitioning dynamics of Brassica carinata (carinata). A four site-year study was conducted in Jay, FL and Salisbury, NC during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. Three carinata genotypes (DH-157.715, M-01, and Avanza 641) proposed by the industry to represent early-, mid-, and full-season genotypes, respectively, were sampled at multiple growth stages and partitioned into leaves, stems, reproductive parts (flowers plus pods), and seed to determine biomass and nutrient accumulation across three genotypes in Florida and one full season genotype in North Carolina. Averaged over two site-years and genotypes in Florida, accumulation (per ha) of 169 kg N, 22 kg P, 160 kg K, 58 kg S, 475 g Zn, and 218 g B was required to produce 1635 and 10,872 kg ha −1 of seed yield and biomass, respectively. Nutrients with high harvest index values included P (60%), N (55%), S (32%), and Mg (29%). Averaged over two site-years in North Carolina, accumulation (per ha) of 178 kg N, 26 kg P, 87 kg K, 24 kg S, 416 g Zn, and 127 g B produced 2428 and 9102 kg ha −1 of seed yield and biomass, respectively.Nutrients with greatest harvest index values were P (57%), N (50%), S (32%), and Mg (26%). Internal efficiency of N, P, and K, measured as slopes of seed yield regressions over nutrient uptake across all genotypes and locations were 16, 83, and 8 kg seed yield per kg N, P, and K uptake, respectively. These results describe temporal nutrient accumulation and partitioning in carinata and are critical to refine nutrient management strategies and guide fertilizer application decisions.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Vernalisation in Australian spring canola explains variable flowering responses

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology

Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology

Response of seeding rate and cultivar maturity with planting dates in canola

Brassica carinata nutrient accumulation and partitioning across maturity types and latitude

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