Verifying the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Scale

Matsuishi, Yujiro; Hoshino, Haruhiko; Shimojo, Nobutake; Enomoto, Yuki; Kido, Takahiro; Hoshino, Tetsuya; Sumitani, Masahiko; Inoue, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194094

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Variability and required sample size fluctuate accordingly with the state of the cohort. Therefore, we evaluated sample size based on reliability as previously reported . We undertook a pilot study for estimating sample size and we observed 24 paired, independent assessments out of a total of 74 with a good coefficient (κ = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.72–1.0).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifying the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM‐ICU)

Matsuishi

Hoshino

Shimojo

et al. 2019

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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Aim Pediatric delirium has been well investigated and its prevalence is reported to be from 20% to 44%. For pediatric intensive care settings, several validated assessment tools for diagnosing delirium, including the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (psCAM‐ICU), are available in English. However, validated assessment tools for identifying pediatric delirium are unavailable in Japanese. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the Japanese translation of the psCAM‐ICU. Methods We enrolled patients at the Pediatric ICU at University of Tsukuba Hospital (Tsukuba, Japan) from May 2017 to February 2019. Enrollment criteria included patients aged 6 months to 5 years, and we excluded coma patients scoring under −4 on the Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale or suffering from stroke. Pediatric patient delirium was simultaneously evaluated by three medical workers (pediatric intensivist and researchers). Psychiatrists then verified these findings against criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th Edition. We evaluated criterion validity (sensitivity and specificity) and reliability using Cohen's κ coefficient. Results We made a total of 56 independent assessments of 19 patients (42% female) with an average age of 18 (±15) weeks. Mechanical ventilation was used at least once in 73% of patients and the positive rate of delirium was 54% in total observation. Overall, the psCAM‐ICU showed high sensitivity, specificity (sensitivity, 0.90 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.94]; specificity, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.83–0.97]), and high reliability within the researcher assessments (κ = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.82–1.0). Conclusion We verified the psCAM‐ICU and it shows high validity and reliability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifying the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM‐ICU)

Matsuishi

Hoshino

Shimojo

et al. 2019

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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“…133 No literature exists for specifically assessing pain severity in substance impaired individuals. Lastly, a number of these scales have been translated and validated for use in non-English speakers including (for example), but not limited to, Spanish, 135,136 Finnish, 137 Japanese, 138 and Korean. 139 Of note, none of these scales have been studied in the prehospital setting.…”

Section: Outcomes Timing Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics To Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting

Sobieraj¹,

Baker²,

Martinez³

et al. 2019

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“…Each of three specialist SMID nurses evaluated each child's pain using the Japanese version of the PPP and the Japanese version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) behavioral scale [15], while watching a video recording of the child's daily care session. The FLACC behavioral scale has shown high reliability and validity for assessing acute pain in nonverbal children [16][17][18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile for children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities

et al. 2020

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Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities experience chronic pain but cannot communicate verbally. However, no Japanese tool currently exists for assessing pain in this population. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile, which is a behavioral rating scale to assess pain in children with severe neurological disabilities. The sample comprised 30 children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities at three hospitals in Japan. Three specialist nurses rated low and high pain video scenes of the children (twice at 1-week intervals) using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability behavioral scale and a translated Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile. On the basis of their ratings, we calculated the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and intra- and inter-observer reliabilities of the Paediatric Pain Profile. Additionally, we assessed concurrent validity using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability behavioral scale and construct validity using low versus high pain scenes. Both internal consistency (low pain: alpha = 0.735; high pain: alpha = 0.928) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.846) of the Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile were good. Intra-observer reliability was substantial (r = 0.748), whereas inter-observer reliability was only moderate (r = 0.529). However, the concurrent validity with Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scores was good (r = 0.629) and construct validity was confirmed (p < 0.001). We confirmed the validity of the Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile, but reliable pain assessment may require repeated ratings by the same person. To accurately assess pain in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, healthcare staff must be properly trained and become more skilled in using the Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile.

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Verifying the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Scale

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Verifying the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM‐ICU)

Verifying the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM‐ICU)

Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics To Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Paediatric Pain Profile for children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities

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