“…Some have investigated the hygro-mechanical behaviour of the main materials making up such artwork, tested on new materials [1][2][3][4][5], others the hygro-mechanical behaviour of mock-ups tested in the laboratory [6][7][8][9][10] and some others numerical modelling based on mock-up behaviour or literature data to interpret their behaviour [11,[12][13][14]. The present research rather focuses on an authentic artwork, as already proposed by [15][16][17][18][19][20], following the consideration that each panel painting shows a specific hygro-mechanical behaviour which should be known for its preventive and remedial conservation, as highlighted both by testing and numerical modelling in [21,22]. Since 2004, the wooden panel on which Leonardo da Vinci painted his Mona Lisa has been studied by an international research team under the request of the curators of the Louvre Museum.…”