Verifying liveness by multiple experts in face biometrics

Abstract

Resisting spoofing attempts via photographs and video playbacks is a vital issue for the success of face biometrics. Yet, the "liveness" topic has only been partially studied in the past. In this paper we are suggesting a holistic liveness detection paradigm that collaborates with standard techniques in 2D face biometrics. The experiments show that many attacks are avertible via a combination of antispoofing measures. We have investigated the topic using real-time techniques and applied them to real-life spoofing scenarios in an indoor, yet uncontrolled environment.

Counter-measures to photo attacks in face recognition: A public database and a baseline

“…Despite the fact that solutions exist for spoof prevention using multi-modal techniques [5,6,7,8], it is our belief that research for counter-measures solely based on unimodal 2-D imagery has not yet reached a matured state. There seems to exist no consensus on best practices and techniques to be deployed on attack detection using non-intrusive methods.…”

Effect of Face Tampering on Face Recognition

“…In this technique, the trajectory of certain face part of live face is exploited against spoof face using optical flow analysis and Gabor feature extraction followed by heuristic classifier. The same authors again evaluated the fusion score from various expert systems that concurrently observes the 3D face part's motion which is the liveness property such as eyes blinking and mouth movements [7] and finally detected the liveness.…”

Liveness Detection Using Gaze Collinearity

“…Kollreider et al [3][4][5] combined facial components (nose, ears, etc.) detection and optical flow estimation to determine a liveness score.…”