Verifying cryogenic cooling of superconducting cables using optical fiber

Boyd, Clark; Horrell, Emily; Dickerson, Bryan D.

doi:10.1109/fiiw.2012.6378335

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 4(a) verifies that RES is decreasing and nonlinear at cryogenic temperature which agrees with Eq. (4) and the results in other papers [9], [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In M. E. Froggatt et al's paper [8], there is a fundamental trade-off between sensing spatial resolution and minimal measurable value (temperature or strain) and their product is a constant in RBS method. In addition, Clark D. Boyd et al [9], [10] used RBS shift method to realize a distributed temperature measurement to monitor superconducting degaussing cables in cryogenic environment. Compared with FBGs, the RBS based sensing is truly distributed measurement and can be implemented in the low-cost standard single mode fiber (SMF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryogenic Temperature Measurement Using Rayleigh Backscattering Spectra Shift by OFDR

Liu

Ding

et al. 2014

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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We present a method to realize temperature variation measurement in the cryogenic environment (e.g., at 76 K) using Rayleigh backscattering spectra (RBS) shift in standard single mode optical fiber by optical frequency-domain reflectometry. By analyzing the relationship of effective sensing segment size of fiber (or sensing spatial resolution), minimal measurable temperature variation, and temperature response of RBS shift, we found minimal measurable temperature variation in the cryogenic environment can be improved by increasing effective sensing segment size. Our experiments show that at a relatively high temperature (e.g., above 195 K), minimal measurable temperature variation is 0.21 K with an effective sensing segment size of 8 cm. When the temperature is very low (e.g., at 76 K), minimal measurable temperature variation can still maintain 0.34 K by simply increasing the effective sensing segment size of fiber to 48 cm.

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“…Figure 4(a) verifies that RES is decreasing and nonlinear at cryogenic temperature which agrees with Eq. (4) and the results in other papers [9], [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Temperature Measurement Using Rayleigh Backscattering Spectra Shift by OFDR

Liu

Ding

et al. 2014

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…The fibre refractive index and the size of each Rayleigh scattering point are both strain and temperature dependent, and therefore, the complex amplitude of the Rayleigh scattered light at each fibre location (dependent on the local material density) changes according to the local environmental conditions [2][3][4] . The process can be locally modelled as a weak fibre Bragg grating (FBG) with random amplitude and pitch; and although Rayleigh scattering induces no frequency shift on the scattered light, the signature of the process turns out to be highly dependent on the laser frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are inadequate for cryogenic temperature sensing; on the one hand, because of the low power level of the thermally-activated spontaneous Raman scattering and, on the other hand, due to the low temperature sensitivity of the Brillouin frequency shift at temperatures below 100 K 1 . Rayleigh-based DSF turns out to be an interesting alternative that preserves high sensitivity and temperature resolution even in harsh environmental conditions [2][3][4] . It is particularly interesting for cryogenic applications, where extreme temperature sensitivity is requested to detect tiny fluid leakages and defects along superconductors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process can be locally modelled as a weak fibre Bragg grating (FBG) with random amplitude and pitch; and although Rayleigh scattering induces no frequency shift on the scattered light, the signature of the process turns out to be highly dependent on the laser frequency. The Rayleigh traces can be obtained using methods such as coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry (C-OFDR) 2,3 or coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (C-OTDR) [4][5][6] and the jagged shape is reproducible and restorable 6 . By scanning the laser wavelength and comparing the obtained response with a reference, the equivalent refractive index and grating period change can be retrieved and thus information about temperature/strain variations [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MilliKelvin resolution in cryogenic temperature distributed fibre sensing based on coherent Rayleigh scattering

Soto

Thévenaz

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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The response of a distributed temperature sensor based on coherent Rayleigh scattering is experimentally studied in the temperature range from 77 K up to 300 K, using fibres with standard and ORMOCER coating. A precise and absolute frequency scan is performed to obtain the best temperature resolution that turns out to be in the mK range. Experimental results point out that heating and cooling processes, at cryogenic temperatures, exhibit different temperature sensitivities when standard single-mode fibres are used; however, specially coated fibres exhibit better repeatability.

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Unraveling quench dynamics and real-time continuous detection in HTS tapes through distributed fiber optic sensing

Yang,

Wang

2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, coils, and magnets often experiences intricate quench instabilities and failures during high current-carrying operations, posing challenges to their practical applications. This study addresses the need for a measurement approach capable of monitoring multi-field signals in superconducting structures within cryogenic and extreme electromagnetic environments. We explore the application of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology, specifically employing the optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) scheme, which offers distinct advantages over traditional point-type electrical testing methods, particularly for superconducting materials and magnets. In this experimental study, we continuously track the quench evolution process in superconducting tapes using both bonded and stress-free fibers for real-time monitoring. A comprehensive analysis of the acquired temperature and thermoelastic strain profiles provides essential insights into the dynamic behavior of quench events. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of DFOS in identifying and characterizing the onset and propagation of quenches. By arranging bonded and stress-free fibers in parallel on the HTS tape’s surface, we successfully decouple the effects of strain-temperature cross-sensitivity, enabling the extraction of temperature and train profiles. The bonded fiber optic sensor demonstrates rapid sensitivity to the thermally quenched events. Temporal derivatives of voltage and thermal strain exhibit characteristic plateaus and slope changes during quenches, respectively. The voltage rate displays two plateaus corresponding to superconducting-to-normal transitions, while strain rates exhibit potential as criteria for identifying quench events in HTS materials. Moreover, DFOS outperforms traditional terminal average voltage measurement, capturing quench evolution tails from the initial point of quench until the complete transition of the segment into the normal state. This experiment provides a solid foundation for further exploration of the underlying quench mechanism.

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Verifying cryogenic cooling of superconducting cables using optical fiber

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Cryogenic Temperature Measurement Using Rayleigh Backscattering Spectra Shift by OFDR

Cryogenic Temperature Measurement Using Rayleigh Backscattering Spectra Shift by OFDR

MilliKelvin resolution in cryogenic temperature distributed fibre sensing based on coherent Rayleigh scattering

Unraveling quench dynamics and real-time continuous detection in HTS tapes through distributed fiber optic sensing

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