Verification of the Destruction Mechanism of Structures in Sri Lanka and Thailand Due to the Indian Ocean Tsunami

Yamamoto, Yoshimichi; Takanashi, Hiroaki; Hettiarachchi, S.S.L.; Samarawickrama, S.P.

doi:10.1142/s0578563406001374

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Ruangrassamee et al 2006;Reese et al 2007;Suppasri et al 2013a, b). In previous tsunami damage assessment studies, it was found that a tsunami flow depth of 2 m would be a significant threshold for the onset of collapse of a wooden building , as well as for collapse of masonry/brick type constructions (Yamamoto et al 2006). In line with such results, and considering that the majority of the building stock in Japan is composed of wooden buildings, we can see here that for tsunami flow depth as low as 2 m the probability of reaching or exceeding ds 4 is already high, expressing that a building will suffer at least some structural damage with a probability approaching 50 %.…”

Section: Fragility Assessment-first Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical fragility assessment of buildings affected by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami using improved statistical models

et al. 2014

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Tsunamis are destructive natural phenomena which cause extensive damage to the built environment, affecting the livelihoods and economy of the impacted nations. This has been demonstrated by the tragic events of the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, or the Great East Japan tsunami in 2011. Following such events, a few studies have attempted to assess the fragility of the existing building inventory by constructing empirical stochastic functions, which relate the damage to a measure of tsunami intensity. However, these studies typically fit a linear statistical model to the available damage data, which are aggregated in bins of similar levels of tsunami intensity. This procedure, however, cannot deal well with aggregated data, low and high damage probabilities, nor does it result in the most realistic representation of the tsunami-induced damage. Deviating from this trend, the present study adopts the more realistic generalised linear models which address the aforementioned disadvantages. The proposed models are fitted to the damage database, containing 178,448 buildings surveyed in the aftermath of the 2011 Japanese tsunami, provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Transport and Tourism in Japan. In line with the results obtained in previous studies, the fragility curves show that wooden buildings (the dominant construction type in Japan) are the least resistant against tsunami loading. The diagnostics show that taking into account both the building's construction type and the tsunami flow depth is crucial to the quality of the damage estimation and that these two variables do not act independently. In addition, the diagnostics reveal that tsunami flow depth estimates low levels of damage reasonably well; however, it is not the most representative measure of intensity of the tsunami for high damage states (especially structural damage). Further research using disaggregated damage data and additional explanatory variables is required in order to obtain reliable model estimations of building damage probability.

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Section: Fragility Assessment-first Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical fragility assessment of buildings affected by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami using improved statistical models

et al. 2014

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“…Iizuka and Matsutomi [2000] proposed some equations to get the fluid force acting on a structure from tsunami heights theoretically by using experimental data and damage examples. Yamamoto et al [2005Yamamoto et al [ , 2006Yamamoto et al [ , 2007 evaluated the relations between the destruction grades of buildings and tsunami heights theoretically based on the concept mentioned below, and applied it to damage examples of western coasts in Thailand and southern coasts in Sri Lanka in order to confirm the effectiveness of the relations.…”

Section: Researches On Evaluation Methods Of Tsunami Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Trial of Damage Evaluation by Indian Ocean Tsunami in Patong Beach of Thailand

Charusrojthanadech

Yamamoto

Ca³

2011

Coastal Engineering Journal

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A huge tsunami caused by the giant earthquake occurred off Sumatra in Indonesia, on 26th December 2004, attacked the coastal regions of many countries facing the Indian Ocean. This paper describes evaluation methods of structural damage in order to mitigate the damage by huge tsunamis. First, the damage by this tsunami at Patong Beach in Phuket province of Thailand is explained. Next, diagrams to get critical inundation heights which break buildings are shown by using a rigid frame model as functions of inundation heights. Then, how to get the inundation height empirically is explained. Moreover, a numerical model to simulate the inundation height is also used, because the method described previously will give inundation heights of low accuracy as geographical feature becomes complicated. Furthermore, there were some structural collapses (a masonry wall and so on) by tsunami back-flow; the stability of a concrete wall against the back-flow is also discussed. Keywords: Indian Ocean Tsunami; tsunami damage; tsunami back-flow; numerical simulation; physical experiment. 285 Coast. Eng. J. 2011.53:285-317. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES on 03/30/15. For personal use only.Ruangrassamee et al.[2006] developed a consistent format and used to gather basic structural information and observed damage. They categorized the damage to building components such as foundations, beams, columns, and secondary members on the basis of the general tsunami-induced damage observed and developed a database system for facilitating data analysis and management on a website for future utilization. The database of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings was analyzed to find Coast. Eng. J. 2011.53:285-317. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES on 03/30/15. For personal use only.

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“…As a final result, this paper presented a rational method for predicting building destruction caused by tsunamis. Previously, Yamamoto et al (2006) [12] showed that the stress analysis using the gate-type Rahmen model could accurately predict whether each building was broken by a tsunami or not. Our proposed hydro-morphodynamics model made it possible to calculate inundation depth and inundation velocity at any desired point and time in a proposed area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Evaluation Methods of Topographical Change and Building Destruction in the Inundation Area by a Huge Tsunami

Ahmadi

Yamamoto

2020

JMSE

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In the case of huge tsunamis, such as the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami, the damage caused by ground scour is serious. Therefore, it is important to improve prediction models for the topographical change of huge tsunamis. For general models that predict topographical change, the flow velocity distribution of a flood region is calculated by a numerical model based on a nonlinear long wave theory, and the distribution of bed-load rates is calculated using this velocity distribution and an equation for evaluating bed-load rates. This bed-load rate equation usually has a coefficient that can be decided using verification simulations. For the purpose, Ribberink’s formula has high reproducibility within an oscillating flow and was chosen by the authors. Ribberink’s formula needs a bed-load transport coefficient that requires sufficient verification simulations, as it consumes plenty of time and money to decide its value. Therefore, the authors generated diagrams that can define the suitable bed-load coefficient simply using the data acquired from hydraulic experiments on a movable bed. Subsequently, for the verification purpose of the model, the authors performed reproduced simulations of topography changes caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami at some coasts in Northern Japan using suitable coefficients acquired from the generated diagrams. The results of the simulations were in an acceptable range. The authors presented the preliminary generated diagrams of the same methodology but with insubstantial experimental data at the time at the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE), (2018 and 2019). However, in this paper, an adequate amount of data was added to the developed diagrams based on many hydraulic experiments to further raise their reliability and their application extent. Furthermore, by reproducing the tsunami simulation on the Sendai Natori coast of Japan, the authors determined that the impact of total bed-load transport was much bigger than that of suspension loads. Besides, the simulation outputs revealed that the mitigation effect of the cemented sand and gravel (CSG) banks and artificial refuge hills reduced tsunami damage on Japan’s Hamamatsu coast. Since a lot of buildings and structures in the inundation area can be destroyed by tsunamis, building destruction design was presented in this paper through an economy and simplified state. Using the proposed tsunami simulation model, we acquired the inundation depth at any specific time and location within the inundated area. Because the inundation breadth due to a huge tsunami can extend kilometers toward the inland area, the evaluation of building destruction is an important measure to consider. Therefore, the authors in this paper presented useful threshold diagrams to evaluate building destruction with an easy and cost-efficient state. The threshold diagrams of “width of a pillar” for buildings or “width of concrete block walls” not breaking to each inundation height were developed using the data of damages due to the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami.

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Verification of the Destruction Mechanism of Structures in Sri Lanka and Thailand Due to the Indian Ocean Tsunami

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Empirical fragility assessment of buildings affected by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami using improved statistical models

Empirical fragility assessment of buildings affected by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami using improved statistical models

Trial of Damage Evaluation by Indian Ocean Tsunami in Patong Beach of Thailand

Rational Evaluation Methods of Topographical Change and Building Destruction in the Inundation Area by a Huge Tsunami

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