Verification of Scherrer formula for well-shaped poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based conductive single crystals and nanofibers and fabrication of photovoltaic devices from thin film coating

Zenoozi, Sahar; Agbolaghi, Samira; Poormahdi, Elaheh; Hashemzadeh-Gargari, Mahdi; Mahmoudi, Mojgan

doi:10.1007/s13233-017-5082-0

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This could explain why Cho et al and Reiter et al obtained P3HT single crystals with different orientations by using the same method. Using the self‐seeding method, P3AT or P3AT block copolymer single crystals have also been prepared by several groups …”

Section: Conjugated Polymer Single Crystals and Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires

Cao

Zhao

Liang

et al. 2019

Polymer Crystallization

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Conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires show advantages for the study of intrinsic charge transport in conjugated polymers and achieve high device performance. However, preparation of conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires, especially donor‐acceptor (D‐A) conjugated polymers, is challenging. In this review, the structural features of conjugated polymers are first described. Then, the mechanism of conjugated polymer crystallization in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium state, nucleation, and growth is discussed. Single crystals of poly(alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) and nanowires of both P3ATs and D‐A conjugated polymers are subsequently reviewed. Growth kinetics are a key issue in growing D‐A‐conjugated polymer crystals. Finally, the device performance based on conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires is summarized.

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Section: Conjugated Polymer Single Crystals and Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires

Cao

Zhao

Liang

et al. 2019

Polymer Crystallization

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“…Among the conjugated polymers, regioregular P3HT (RR‐P3HT), thanks to appropriate processability and electrical properties, good function and a marked tendency to develop nanostructured crystals, is one of the attractive materials in electronic devices . The manipulation of the physical, thermal and optical characteristics of P3HT based systems and their application in photovoltaic cells has been reported in the literature. In organic solar cells, block copolymer compatibilizers were utilized to tune the active layer morphology .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency above 6% in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):phenyl‐C‐butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaics via simultaneous addition of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) based grafted graphene nanosheets and hydrophobic block copolymers

Mohammadi‐Arbati

Agbolaghi

2019

Polymer International

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A combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets grafted with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (rGO-g-P3HT) and P3HT-b-polystyrene (PS) block copolymers was utilized to modify the morphology of P3HT:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layers in photovoltaic devices. Efficiencies greater than 6% were acquired after a mild thermal annealing. To this end, the assembling of P3HT homopolymers and P3HT-b-PS block copolymers onto rGO-g-P3HT nanosheets was investigated, showing that the copolymers were assembled from the P3HT side onto the rGO-g-P3HT nanosheets. Assembling of P3HT-b-PS block copolymers onto the rGO-g-P3HT nanosheets developed the net hole and electron highways for charge transport, thereby in addition to photoluminescence quenching the charge mobility ( h and e ) values increased considerably. The best charge mobilities were acquired for the P3HT 50000 :PC71BM:rGO-g-P3HT 50000 :P3HT 7000 -b-PS 1000 system ( h = 1.9 × 10 −5 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and e = 0.8 × 10 −4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ). Thermal annealing conducted at 120 ∘ C also further increased the hole and electron mobilities to 9.8 × 10 −4 and 2.7 × 10 −3 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , respectively. The thermal annealing acted as a driving force for better assembly of the P3HT-b-PS copolymers onto the rGO-g-P3HT nanosheets. This phenomenon improved the short circuit current density, fill factor, open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency parameters from 11.13 mA cm −2 , 0.63 V, 62% and 4.35% to 12.98 mA cm −2 , 0.69 V, 68% and 6.09%, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Synthesis P3HT homopolymerFourier transform IR (FTIR) spectra of P3HT-Br and 1 H NMR spectra of P3HT 7000 and P3HT 50000 are shown in Figs S1(a)-S1(c), Polym Int 2019; 68: 1292-1302

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“…For interpreting the functional behavior of conjugated crystalline structures, it is necessary to unravel the relationship between thermal and optical properties and ordered structures . In recent years, the crystallization of conjugated polymers has been thoroughly investigated on carbonic materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure and complex nanostructures using poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole], carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance polymer solar cells

Agbolaghi

2019

Polymer International

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Crystallization of poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole] (PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT) was investigated in supramolecules based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and their grafted derivatives. The principal peaks of PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT crystals were in the range 3.50°–3.75°. By grafting the surface of the carbonic materials, the assembling of polymer chains decreased because of hindrance of poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (PDDT) grafts against π‐stacking. The diameters of CNT/polymer and CNT‐g‐PDDT/polymer supramolecules were 160 and 100 nm. The rGO/polymer supramolecules had the highest melting point (Tm = 282 °C) and fusion enthalpy (ΔHm = 25.98 J g−1), reflecting the largest crystallites and the most ordered constituents. Nano‐hybrids based on grafted rGO (276 °C and 28.26 J g−1), CNT (275 °C and 27.32 J g−1) and grafted CNT (268 °C and 22.17 J g−1) were also analyzed. Tm and ΔHm values were significantly less in corresponding melt‐grown systems. The nanostructures were incorporated in active layers of PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT:phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) solar cells to improve the photovoltaic features. The best results were detected for PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT:PC71BM:rGO/polymer systems having Jsc = 13.11 mA cm−2, fill factor 60% and Voc = 0.71 V with an efficacy of 5.58%. On grafting the rGO and CNT, efficiency reductions were 12.01% (5.58%–4.91%) and 9.34% (4.07%–3.69%), respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Verification of Scherrer formula for well-shaped poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based conductive single crystals and nanofibers and fabrication of photovoltaic devices from thin film coating

Cited by 32 publications

References 83 publications

Conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires

Conjugated polymer single crystals and nanowires

Efficiency above 6% in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):phenyl‐C‐butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaics via simultaneous addition of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) based grafted graphene nanosheets and hydrophobic block copolymers

Pure and complex nanostructures using poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole], carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance polymer solar cells

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