Verification of full-scale performance of eco-friendly bulk carriers under actual operating conditions by onboard performance monitoring

Orihara, Hideo; Yoshida, Hisafumi; Hirota, Kazuyuki; Saitoh, Kenichiro

doi:10.1201/b17494-81

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Figure 12and the bold maximum force percentage figures in Table 6indicate that the maximum force (indicating the start of perforation) for all laminates impacted with flat-ended 10 mm (10F) and hemispherical 20 mm (20H) indenters is significantly higher for impact than for QS tests (by between approximately 40 and 65%). Similar behaviour, thought to stem from a lack of time for damage propagation in the exceedingly faster impact tests, was seen in previous studies [10,27,28].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Additionally, it is intended to evaluate the possibility of using QS tests as a simpler and less resource intensive alternative for predicting the impact response of such sandwich panels. This approach has been previously validated for monolithic and marine sandwich laminates in previous studies [27,28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…total perforation of the upper face laminate (hereby referred to simply as ‘perforation’), whilst avoiding total penetration of the core resulting in contact with the fully supported lower face. Prediction of the required IKE for a given amount of damage is very problematic, but previous research [10,27,28] has shown that QS behaviour is a good predictor of impact behaviour up to initial damage and that post-damage impact behaviour may be predicted using an empirically obtained ‘dynamic scaling factor’. Hence, estimates of the amount of IKE required for impacted face penetration were made by multiplying the relevant QS energies by dynamic scaling factors of 2.00 and 2.75 for the foam and BAL-cored sandwiches, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, estimates of the amount of IKE required for impacted face penetration were made by multiplying the relevant QS energies by dynamic scaling factors of 2.00 and 2.75 for the foam and BAL-cored sandwiches, respectively. These dynamic scaling factors values were modified from those previously empirically obtained for comparable, but slightly less robust, laminates [10,28] to try to conservatively ensure full perforation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasi-static indentation and impact in glass-fibre reinforced polymer sandwich panels for civil and ocean engineering applications

Garrido

Teixeira

Correia

et al. 2019

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

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Sandwich structures comprising glass-fibre reinforced polymer faces and low-density core constitute an efficient and versatile constructive system for civil and ocean engineering structures. However, being multilayered with relatively soft core materials, they are particularly susceptible to damage under concentrated loads. Whilst numerous studies exist on the indentation and impact behaviour of sandwich composites, the great majority considers the thin-skinned laminates used by the aeronautical industry. To mitigate the lack of studies on the significantly thicker and more robust civil and ocean engineering sandwich laminates, the quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact behaviour of such panels is experimentally studied. Three types of core materials (polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate foams and end-grain balsa) and five different indenters, of varying shape (hemispherical versus flat) and diameter (10, 20 and 30 mm), are considered. Flat and larger indenters required higher loads and energies for first damage and perforation. The first damage and peak resistance values of the polyethylene terephthalate panels were, respectively, 15 and 8% higher than in the polyurethane panels; for the balsa panels, such figures were 20 and 10%. The polyurethane panels showed the highest energy absorption capacity. Predictions of first damage resistance given by two analytical models (for flat and hemispherical indenters) were assessed against the gathered experimental data. The obtained predictions were reasonably accurate, but indicate a need for further calibration, mainly concerning the effects of core material.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quasi-static indentation and impact in glass-fibre reinforced polymer sandwich panels for civil and ocean engineering applications

Garrido

Teixeira

Correia

et al. 2019

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The impact behaviour of sandwich composites with different cores e.g. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cork and Balsa was investigated in Castilho et al [1]. It was found that Balsa had the highest reaction force; on the other hand, cork had the best ability to absorb impact energy by deforming instead of breaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual bending behaviour of sandwich composites after impact

Baran

Weijermars

2018

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

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This work investigates the residual mechanical behaviour of composite sandwich panels in bending after impact loading conditions. The sandwich panels were made of an epoxy/glass face sheet with three different core materials: styrene acrylonitrile foam, polyethylene terephthalate foam and Balsa wood. A three-point bending test was performed in order to determine the reference stiffness. A low-velocity impact test and thereafter the three-point bending test were performed with the same specimens. The failure modes during bending tests were captured using a high-speed camera. It was found that multiple shear cracks with progressive failure were present in the core of styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels in bending after impact tests, whereas single shear crack with sudden failure was the case for Balsa panels. The initial bending stiffness decreased approximately 30.5, 35.2 and 55.6% for Balsa, styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels, respectively, in bending after impact tests due to the influence of the pre-damage from the low-velocity impact tests. The reduction in collapse force was also quantified for Balsa, styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels as 22.8, 4.9 and 22.1%, respectively.

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Verification of full-scale performance of eco-friendly bulk carriers under actual operating conditions by onboard performance monitoring

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Quasi-static indentation and impact in glass-fibre reinforced polymer sandwich panels for civil and ocean engineering applications

Quasi-static indentation and impact in glass-fibre reinforced polymer sandwich panels for civil and ocean engineering applications

Residual bending behaviour of sandwich composites after impact

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