Verification of Egg Farming Systems from The Netherlands and New Zealand Using Stable Isotopes

Rogers, Karyne M.; Ruth, Saskia M. van; Alewijn, Martin; Philips, Andy; Rogers, Pam

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01975

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Similarly fast isotopic changes in rapidly turning over body pools have been documented in mammals and birds (Ayliffe et al ; Podlesak et al ; Sponheimer et al ). Both the egg albumen values and the offsets between egg albumen and diet in both carbon and nitrogen isotopic values show some degree of variability (Table ), but are similar to those found in large‐scale studies of eggs and egg‐laying hens in the Netherlands, New Zealand and Brazil (Madeira et al ; Rogers et al ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Chicken and Egg: Testing the Carbon Isotopic Effects of Carnivory and Herbivory

O’Connell

Hedges

2016

Archaeometry

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13C bioapatite-diet spacing, and not that of Δ 13C collagen-diet . KEYWORDS: BIOMINERAL, ISOTOPE ANALYSIS, PALAEODIET, ISOTOPE ECOLOGY INTRODUCTIONThe relationship between the carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of an individual's diet and their body tissues is now frequently employed as a method of dietary analysis in several different research fields, including ecology, archaeology and physiology (Gannes et al. 1998; Lee-Thorp 2008;Boecklen et al. 2011). The underlying basis of such work is that there is an isotopic 'fine structure' within the biosphere due to fractionation during natural processes, which results in isotopic differences between food types. An individual's diet can thus be inferred from the isotopic signature, which is transferred to and retained in the body during the absorption and incorporation of food.The interpretation of diet is predicated on understanding and therefore accounting for any isotopic fractionation resulting from the incorporation of diet into body tissues. Over the decades, there have been a number of empirical studies aimed at elucidating isotopic fractionation during the body's metabolism, yet some observed patterns remain puzzling. One such is the offset between the carbon isotopic values of the biomineral and protein components of bone. This study *Received 21 January 2016; accepted 24 March 2016 †Corresponding author: email tco21@cam.ac.uk Archaeometry 59, 2 (2017Archaeometry 59, 2 ( ) 302-315 doi: 10.1111 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Krueger and Sullivan (1984) found a Δ 13 C ap-coll spacing of +7‰ for modern herbivores (n = 20), and +3-4‰ for modern carnivores (n = 40). Their analyses of over 200 archaeological humans showed that the majority had Δ 13 C ap-coll spacings of +3 to +7‰, as would be predicted for omnivores. In modern southern African wild fauna, Lee-Thorp et al. (1989) found that the Δ 13 C ap-coll was +6.8 ± 1.4‰ for herbivores (n = 67) and +4.3 ± 1.0‰ for carnivores (n = 49), with both groups having similar bioapatite δ C ap-coll between herbivores (+7.6 ± 0.5‰, n = 46) and carnivores (+4.8 ± 0.4‰, n = 27). Similar Δ 13 C ap-coll values have been found in a range of other ungulate herbivores (Schoeninger and DeNiro 1982;Nelson et al. 1986;Kellner and Schoeninger 2007). In predominately herbivorous primates, Crowley et al. (2010) observed a mean Δ 13C ap-coll of +5.6‰, with some variability (range of +3.6 to +8.6‰). Ambrose (1993) analysed East African historical human bone, and showed that the Δ 13C ap-coll of pastoralists (Kalenjin, Turkana, Pokot and Dasenech) was +3.8 ± 1.2‰ (n = 8), whereas the Δ 13 C ap-coll of Kikuyu farmers was +5.5 ± 0.5‰ (n = 16), supporting the theory that those humans with a diet high in animal protein have a smaller spacing between their collagen and bioapatite δ 13 C than predominantly plant-eating farmers. Although based on a limited number of...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Chicken and Egg: Testing the Carbon Isotopic Effects of Carnivory and Herbivory

O’Connell

Hedges

2016

Archaeometry

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“…There have been some approaches in the past to differentiate between eggs from different housing systems. Some studies analysed the stable isotope ratio of eggs from both different rearing systems and countries, for example, Rogers et al found significant differences in δ 15 N and δ 13 C values. Inácio and Chalk described in general the principles and limitations of this analytical technique when used to differentiate between conventionally and organically produced animal foodstuffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR‐based differentiation of conventionally from organically produced chicken eggs in Germany

Ackermann

Lachenmeier

Kuballa

et al. 2019

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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Both the German and European organic food markets are growing fast, and there is also a rising demand for organic chicken eggs. Consumers are willing to pay higher prices for organic eggs produced in an animal‐appropriate environment considering animal welfare. Strict labelling requirements do not prevent chicken eggs from being a subject of food fraud. Conventionally produced (barn/free‐range) eggs can easily be mislabeled as organic eggs. Especially because the demand for organically produced chicken eggs is likely to exceed supply in the future, mislabeling appears to be a realistic scenario. Therefore, there is a need for analytical methods that are suitable to classify eggs as being either conventionally or organically produced. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis is a suitable tool to screen eggs according to the different systems of husbandry. Sample preparation is based on a fat extraction method, which was optimised for application to freeze‐dried egg yolk. Samples were analysed using typical q‐NMR parameters. A nontargeted approach was used for the analysis of the 1H NMR data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied followed by a linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA) and Monte Carlo cross‐validation. In total, 344 chicken eggs (214 barn/free‐range eggs and 130 eggs from organic farms), most of them originating from Germany, were used to build and validate the prediction model. The results showed that the prediction model allowed for the correct classification of about 93% of the organic eggs.

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“…Eggs from various systems (1-, 2-, and 3-coded eggs) may be discriminated through fluorescent patterns on egg surfaces or stable nitrogen isotope compositions. Stable isotopes methods were used to develop authentication criteria of eggs laid under cage, barn, free range, and organic farming regimens [305]. Recently, discrimination of selected chicken eggs in China's retail market based on multielement and lipidomic analyses was reported [306].…”

Section: Honey and Other Products Of Animal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fraud in Animal Origin Food Products: Advances in Emerging Spectroscopic Detection Methods over the Past Five Years

Hassoun

Måge

Schmidt

et al. 2020

Foods

102

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Animal origin food products, including fish and seafood, meat and poultry, milk and dairy foods, and other related products play significant roles in human nutrition. However, fraud in this food sector frequently occurs, leading to negative economic impacts on consumers and potential risks to public health and the environment. Therefore, the development of analytical techniques that can rapidly detect fraud and verify the authenticity of such products is of paramount importance. Traditionally, a wide variety of targeted approaches, such as chemical, chromatographic, molecular, and protein-based techniques, among others, have been frequently used to identify animal species, production methods, provenance, and processing of food products. Although these conventional methods are accurate and reliable, they are destructive, time-consuming, and can only be employed at the laboratory scale. On the contrary, alternative methods based mainly on spectroscopy have emerged in recent years as invaluable tools to overcome most of the limitations associated with traditional measurements. The number of scientific studies reporting on various authenticity issues investigated by vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy has increased substantially over the past few years, indicating the tremendous potential of these techniques in the fight against food fraud. It is the aim of the present manuscript to review the state-of-the-art research advances since 2015 regarding the use of analytical methods applied to detect fraud in food products of animal origin, with particular attention paid to spectroscopic measurements coupled with chemometric analysis. The opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of spectroscopic techniques and possible future directions will also be discussed.

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Verification of Egg Farming Systems from The Netherlands and New Zealand Using Stable Isotopes

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Chicken and Egg: Testing the Carbon Isotopic Effects of Carnivory and Herbivory

Chicken and Egg: Testing the Carbon Isotopic Effects of Carnivory and Herbivory

NMR‐based differentiation of conventionally from organically produced chicken eggs in Germany

Fraud in Animal Origin Food Products: Advances in Emerging Spectroscopic Detection Methods over the Past Five Years

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