Verifiable Computing Applications in Blockchain

Šimunić, Silvio; Bernaca, Dalen; Lenac, Kristijan

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129314

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The traditional verifiable computations are proof-based and replication-based verifiable computation, respectively, which were described in depth by Dorsala [9]. Kumaresan [45] and Simunic [46] used a verifiable computation to implement currency transactions. Since the proof-based verifiable computation uses an encryption algorithm, the cost is large [47].…”

Section: Replication-based Verifiable Computation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fair, Verifiable and Privacy-Protecting Data Outsourcing Transaction Scheme Based on Smart Contracts

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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The continuous production of large-scale data makes data outsourcing computation a trend. In order to ensure that data outsourcing transaction is trusted and fair, it needs the supervision and judgment of a third party. However, the third-party intermediary increases the transaction cost, and there is also subjective unreliability. Smart contracts allow trusted transactions without a third party, which are automatic, traceable and irreversible. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework for data outsourcing computation transaction based on the smart contract, in which the transaction is verifiable, fair and privacy protected. In this framework, by improved the replication-based verifiable computation technology, the data in the dataset is evenly distributed to each server, and at least one data in the sub datasets of the adjacent servers is the same, only the results from the duplicate data are verified, so as to implement the verifiable transaction with the low transaction cost. Meanwhile, a punishment mechanism is adopted to solve the fairness of the transaction in the smart contract. In addition, the oblivious transfer protocol is used to implement the privacy protection of transaction data. We deploy the data outsourcing computation transaction framework in the simulation environment of the Ethereum blockchain, and the experimental results show that our proposed scheme is effective and has low overhead. Specifically, the data returned by the server is verifiable, and the data privacy of the client is protected. When the client and servers are dishonest, they will be punished so that the transaction is fair. Moreover, the cost of using the smart contract in transactions is almost negligible.

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Section: Replication-based Verifiable Computation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fair, Verifiable and Privacy-Protecting Data Outsourcing Transaction Scheme Based on Smart Contracts

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…2021 saw Giulio Caldarelli continue publishing research about blockchain oracles, focusing on separate use cases such as the fashion supply chain [72], decentralized finance [159], and wrapped tokens [88]. The paper "Verifiable Computing Applications in Blockchain" [160] briefly mentions the use case of verifiable randomness (VRF) in the context of verifiable computation. Another paper from this year [127] closely examines Chainlink oracle activity, providing insights regarding the demand for data, node earnings, and data regarding data feeds.…”

Section: Summary Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

Heidt,

Sandner,

Anders

2024

Preprint

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Oracles have been suggested as a vital piece of infrastructure necessary to allow blockchain-based smart contracts to reach their full potential by interacting with real-world data. This paper begins by providing an approachable entry point to the oracle problem and the current landscape of existing solutions. From there, we provide an overview of published research to narrow down unexplored research directions and derive questions for interviews. Finally, the results of 15 unstructured expert interviews are presented and discussed. The focus here is the industry landscape of oracle projects, opportunities for innovation, and challenges needing to be overcome.

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“…It has also been deployed in production, such as in [12,21]. Meanwhile, Chainlink VRF is mentioned by researchers [22,23] as a trusted oracle RNG source. Many decentralized applications [3,[13][14][15] utilize Chainlink VRF as a core RNG.…”

Section: Rng Benchmark Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NativeVRF: A Simplified Decentralized Random Number Generator on EVM Blockchains

Werapun

Karode

Suaboot

et al. 2023

Systems

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Smart contracts refer to small programs that run in a decentralized blockchain infrastructure. The blockchain system is trustless, and the determination of common variables is done by consensus between peers. Developing applications that require generating random variables becomes significantly challenging—for instance, lotteries, games, and random assignments. Many random number generators (RNGs) for smart contracts have been developed for the decentralized environment. The methods can be classified into three categories: on-chain RNG, Verifiable Random Function (VRF), and the Commit–reveal scheme. Although the existing methods offer different strengths and weaknesses, none achieves the three important requirements for an ideal RNG solution: security, applicability, and cost efficiency. This paper proposes a novel RNG approach called Native VRF, which offers application development simplicity and cost efficiency while maintaining strong RNG security properties. Experimental results show that Native VRF has the same security properties as the widely used RNG methods, i.e., Randao and Chainlink VRF. On top of that, our work offers a much simpler setup process and lower hardware resources and developer expertise requirements. Most importantly, the proposed Native VRF is compatible with all Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) blockchains, contributing to the overall growth of the blockchain ecosystem.

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Verifiable Computing Applications in Blockchain

Cited by 15 publications

References 89 publications

A Fair, Verifiable and Privacy-Protecting Data Outsourcing Transaction Scheme Based on Smart Contracts

A Fair, Verifiable and Privacy-Protecting Data Outsourcing Transaction Scheme Based on Smart Contracts

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

NativeVRF: A Simplified Decentralized Random Number Generator on EVM Blockchains

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