Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu Vektorkardiogramm sowie Lage und Aufbau am menschlichen fötalen Herzen

Schubert, E.; Schwartze, H; Schwartze, P

doi:10.1007/bf02119967

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Among these observations one can roughly distinguish four different kinds of reports: (1) Case reports on incidentally obtained specimens. Such reports mostly focused on the fact that the embryos or fetuses were able to survive the spontaneous interruption of the pregnancy for a relatively long time span [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ]; (2) Reports on electrocardiographic studies on embryos or fetuses [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]; (3) Reports on electrophysiological studies on isolated heart specimens or cardiomyocytes [ 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ]; (4) Reports on experimental studies, which tested the effects of catecholamines, acetylcholine, and other substances on the activity of isolated heart specimens [ 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ]. Most of the latter studies were conducted in order to obtain information on the functional maturation of the nervous control of the heart activity.…”

Section: A Search For Published But Unknown Ex Utero Observations On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge about the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

Männer

2022

JCDD

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The onset of embryonic heart beating may be regarded as the defining feature for the beginning of personal human life. Clarifying the timing of the first human heartbeat, therefore, has religious, philosophical, ethical, and medicolegal implications. This article reviews the historical and contemporary sources of knowledge on the beginning of human heart activity. Special attention is given to the problem of the determination of the true age of human embryos and to the problem of visualization of the human embryonic heart activity. It is shown that historical and current textbook statements about the onset of blood circulation in man do not derive from observations on living human embryos but derive from the extrapolation of observations on animal embryos to the human species. This fact does not preclude the existence of documented observations on human embryonic heart activity: Modern diagnostic (ultrasound) and therapeutic (IVF) procedures facilitate the visualization of early embryonic heart activity in precisely dated pregnancies. Such studies showed that the human heart started its pumping action during the fourth post-fertilization week. A small number of direct observations on the heart activity of aborted human embryos were reported since the 19th century, but did not receive much recognition by embryologists.

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Section: A Search For Published But Unknown Ex Utero Observations On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge about the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

Männer

2022

JCDD

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“…Such reports mostly focused on the fact that the embryos or fetuses were able to survive the spontaneous interruption of the pregnancy for a relatively long time span [127][128][129][130][131][132][133]. (2) Reports on electrocardiographic studies on embryos or fetuses [134][135][136][137].…”

Section: The Non-embryological Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge About the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

Männer¹

2022

Preprint

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The onset of embryonic heart beating may be regarded as the defining feature for the beginning of personal human life. Clarifying the timing of the 1st human heartbeat, therefore, has religious, philosophical, ethical, and medicolegal implications. This article reviews the historical and contemporary sources of knowledge on the beginning of human heart activity. Special attention is given to the problem of the determination of the true age of human embryos and to the problem of visualization of the human embryonic heart activity. It is shown that historical and current textbook statements about the onset of blood circulation in man do not derive from observations on living human embryos but derive from the extrapolation of observations on animal embryos to the human species. This fact does not preclude the existence of documented observations on human embryonic heart activity: Modern diagnostic (ultrasound) and therapeutic (IVF) procedures facilitate the visualization of early embryonic heart activity in precisely dated pregnancies. Such studies showed that the human heart started its pumping action during the 4th post-fertilization week. A small number of direct observations on the heart activity of aborted human embryos were reported since the 19th century but did not receive much recognition by embryologists.

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Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu Vektorkardiogramm sowie Lage und Aufbau am menschlichen fötalen Herzen

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge about the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge about the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge About the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man

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