Vergleichende Untersuchungen �ber die Pigmentierung des Seidenhuhns, des Italienerhuhns und ihrer Bastarde

Abstract

Silkies differ from Brown Leghorns not only in their plumage but also in the pigmentation of their connective tissue. The Silky fowl has intensely pigmented tissue in contrast to the Brown Leghorn. The pigmentation of the connective tissue depends on a sex-linked pair of genes (Dd) as well as a pair of genes with an intermediary effect (Pp). As the effect of those gens turns out to be only quantitative the melanocytes can be evaluated in the connected tissue of the embryos of Silkies, Brown Leghorns and the reciprocal hybrids. The result is an exact description of position and distribution of the melanocytes in the tissue.All the hybrids of Silkies and Brown Leghorns have less pigment than the Silkies, but more than the Brown Leghorns. The male hybrids (PpDd) are pigmented intermediary, whereas the female hybrids have a more (Ppd-) or less (PpD-) intense pigmentation in the internal parts of their body. Up to the 7th embryonic day extension and differentiation of the pigment cells are similar in all the breeds. The hybrids (PpD- and PpDd), however, have fewer pigment cells than the Silky fowl from the beginning.During the 8th or 9th embryonic day a distinct process of degeneration of melanocytes is developing in the Brown Leghorns and the PpD-hybrids. This process, however, cannot be observed in the Silky fowl and the hybrids with the gen combination Dd, dd, d-. This degeneration of melanocytes is caused by the gen D becoming effective rather later and being not or slightly dominant over its allel d.The periodic deviation in the process of melanocytes differentiation depends on the growth rate of the embryos. The maxima of the melanocytes differentiation correspond to the period of a minimum growth.

Growth of Neural Crest Cells In Vitro Is Enhanced By Extracts From Silky Fowl Embryonic Tissues

“…Other causes, such as humoral factors, could also be invoked to account for the SF internal pigmentation. However, this is unlikely, as shown by Stolle (1968). Stolle grafted tissues of wild-type embryo, such as limb bud, on the CAM of Silky Fowl embryo and vice-versa and observed that the grafted pieces developed in all cases according to the donor type.…”

Analysis of skin color change and related gene expression after crossing of Dongxiang black chicken and ISA layer

“…In addition, MC1R affects the enzyme activity of members of the tyrosinase family, which determines the color of the animal coat by regulating the synthesis of eumelanin (Shu et al, 2006). Some studies have shown that the skin color of black chickens results from interaction between the autosomal dominant Fm gene and the sex-linked pigment inhibited Id gene (Hutt, 1949;Stolle, 1968).The Fm gene was shown to be significantly associated with a 10.3 to 13.1 Mb region on chromosome 20, while the Id gene was mapped to 72.3 Mb at the end of the long arm of chromosome Z, although the specific location remains unclear (Dorshorst et al, 2010(Dorshorst et al, , 2011. Interestingly, studies have shown that the Id gene is epistatic to Fm, and melanin deposition induced by Fm was inhibited in the presence of Id.…”