Vergleichende Ejaculatuntersuchungen bei M�nnern aus sterilen und fertilen Ehen

Sturde, H. C.; Glowania, H J; Böhm, Karin

doi:10.1007/bf00595274

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The current analysis includes 54 of the 61 studies analyzed by Carlsen et al (1). As in our previous paper (13), we excluded three non-English language studies (15)(16)(17) because it was not practical for us to systematically review the non-English language literature on this subject. We also excluded two studies that included men who conceived only after an infertility work up (18,19), studies that did not meet the eligibility criteria of Carlsen et al (1).…”

Section: Analysis Of Carlsen Et Al Study Carlsen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996.

Swan

Elkin

Fenster

2000

Environ Health Perspect

612

256

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In 1992 Carlsen et al. reported a significant global decline in sperm density between 1938 and 1990 [Evidence for Decreasing Quality of Semen during Last 50 Years. Br Med J 305:609-613 (1992)]. We subsequently published a reanalysis of the studies included by Carlsen et al. [Swan et al. Have Sperm Densities Declined? A Reanalysis of Global Trend Data. Environ Health Perspect 105:1228-1232 (1997)]. In that analysis we found significant declines in sperm density in the United States and Europe/Australia after controlling for abstinence time, age, percent of men with proven fertility, and specimen collection method. The declines in sperm density in the United States (approximately 1.5%/year) and Europe/Australia (approximately 3%/year) were somewhat greater than the average decline reported by Carlsen et al. (approximately 1%/year). However, we found no decline in sperm density in non-Western countries, for which data were very limited. In the current study, we used similar methods to analyze an expanded set of studies. We added 47 English language studies published in 1934-1996 to those we had analyzed previously. The average decline in sperm count was virtually unchanged from that reported previously by Carlsen et al. (slope = -0.94 vs. -0.93). The slopes in the three geographic groupings were also similar to those we reported earlier. In North America, the slope was somewhat less than the slope we had found for the United States (slope = -0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.37--0.24). Similarly, the decline in Europe (slope = -2.35; CI, -3.66--1.05) was somewhat less than reported previously. As before, studies from other countries showed no trend (slope = -0.21; CI, -2.30-1.88). These results are consistent with those of Carlsen et al. and our previous results, suggesting that the reported trends are not dependent on the particular studies included by Carlsen et al. and that the observed trends previously reported for 1938-1990 are also seen in data from 1934-1996.

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Section: Analysis Of Carlsen Et Al Study Carlsen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996.

Swan

Elkin

Fenster

2000

Environ Health Perspect

612

256

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“…Finally, spermatogenesis and hormone production are both generally impaired in maldescended testes (25,26). [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] million/mL, 61-100 million/mL or > 100 million/mL. Twenty-seven of the 61 publications contained such data and were therefore included in the analysis (99).…”

Section: Implications Of Increased Occurrence Of Testicular Abnormalimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Increasing Incidence of Abnormalities of the Human Testis: A Review

Giwercman¹,

Carlsen²,

Keiding³

et al. 1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Recent reports have suggested that the incidence of genitourinary abnormalities in human males has increased during the past 50 years, including congenital abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadia, which seem to be occurring more commonly. Also, the incidence of testicular cancer has increased 3-to 4-fold since the 1940s. This increase seems to be worldwide including countries with a very high frequency of testicular neoplasia as well as those in which this cancer is rather uncommon. It has also been postulated that semen quality has been decreasing for the last half century. A recent study showed that the average sperm density has decreased significantly from 113 million/mL in 1940 to 66 million/mL in 1990. The mean seminal volume has also declined, indicating that the decrease in the total sperm count is even more pronounced than the fall in sperm density would indicate. The remarkable increase in frequency of testicular abnormalities over a relatively short period of time may be due to environmental rather than genetic factors. There is an epidemiological link between the occurrence of different testicular abnormalities. Therefore, common prenatally acting etiological factors with adverse effects on the fetal male gonad might be suspected. However, postnatal influences may also have a deleterious effect on male fertility. From the reproductive point of view, an increased impact on the human male gonad is of concern.

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Neuere Gesichtspunkte der Hormontherapie von Oligospermien

Hornstein¹

1973

Vorträge Des VII. Fortbildungskurses Der Dermatologischen Klinik Und Poliklinik Der Universität München in Verbindung Mit Dem V

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Vergleichende Ejaculatuntersuchungen bei M�nnern aus sterilen und fertilen Ehen

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996.

The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996.

Evidence for Increasing Incidence of Abnormalities of the Human Testis: A Review

Neuere Gesichtspunkte der Hormontherapie von Oligospermien

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