Vereinfachte Schädelidentifizierung nach dem Superprojektionsverfahren mit Hilfe einer Video-Anlage

Helmer, R; Grüner, O.

doi:10.1007/bf02114613

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Several researchers have attempted to overcome problems of orientation and size (23)(24)(25) and methods were modified and improved upon especially with the development of new technologies such as video monitors and video animation compositors. Clyde Snow was the first American scientist to make use of video cameras for photo superimposition (17,(23)(24)(25)(26). As superimposition developed over the years, the technique itself became less important than the main problem of accurately matching a skull to a photo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Gordon

Steyn

2012

Forensic Science International

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One of the aims of forensic science is to determine the identities of victims of crime. In some cases the investigators may have ideas as to the identities of the victims and in these situations, ante mortem photographs of the victims could be used in order to try and establish identity through skull-photo superimposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a newly developed digital photographic superimposition technique on a South African sample of cadaver photographs and skulls. Forty facial photographs were selected and for each photo, 10 skulls (including the skull corresponding to the photo) were used for superimposition. The investigator did not know which of the 10 skulls corresponded to the photograph in question. The skulls were scanned 3-dimensionally, using a Cyberware™ Model 3030 Colour-3D Scanhead scanner. The photos were also scanned. Superimposition was done in 3D Studio Max and involved a morphological superimposition, whereby a skull is superimposed over the photo and assessed for a morphological match. Superimposition using selected anatomical landmarks was also performed to assess the match. A total of 400 skull-photo superimpositions were carried out using the morphological assessment and another 400 using the anatomical landmarks. In 85% of cases the correct skull was included in the possible matches for a particular photo using morphological assessment. However, in all of these cases, between zero and three other skulls out of 10 possibilities could also match a specific photo. In the landmark based assessment, the correct skull was included in 80% of cases. Once again, however, between one and seven other skulls out of 10 possibilities also matched the photo. This indicates that skull-photo superimposition has limited use in the identification of human skeletal remains, but may be useful as an initial screening tool. Corroborative techniques should also be used in the identification process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Gordon

Steyn

2012

Forensic Science International

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“…The use of skull‐photo superimposition as an identification tool has transformed in methodology since its inception. The earliest method which involved overlaying the photographic negative of a skull on a positive facial photograph (3), were modified by Helmer and Grüner (4) to include the use of video superimposition equipment. This method employing the use of two video cameras, an electronic mixing device, and a viewing monitor has been successfully used by a number of researchers (5–11) and with some modification by Iten (12), who suggests using three viewing monitors.…”

Section: Review Of Skull‐photo Superimposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skull‐Photo Superimposition and Border Deaths: Identification Through Exclusion and the Failure to Exclude*

Fenton

Heard

Sauer

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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We report on the application of video skull-photo superimposition as an identification method in a case from Ajo, Arizona in which five individuals died after crossing into southern Arizona from Mexico. Initial analyses at the Pima County Forensic Science Center in Tucson, Arizona determined that the disarticulated skeletal remains represented two adult Hispanic males and three adult Hispanic females. Based on biological profiles, both the males and one of the females were tentatively identified and assigned names. The other two females were too similar in age and height, making skeletal separation and identification difficult. As a result, the Michigan State University Forensic Anthropology Laboratory assisted in the identification efforts by performing video skull-photo superimposition on the two unknown females. The skulls were compared to a photograph reported to be one of the missing females. By evaluating facial proportionality and by comparing a number of morphological features of the face and skulls, one skull was excluded as a possible match and one skull was not excluded as a match to the antemortem photo. Because this case was presumed to be a closed disaster, the exclusion of one skull and the failure to exclude the other represented circumstantial identifications.

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“…A major technological advance occurred in the late 1970s when Helmer and Grüner working in Germany and Brown in Australia introduced the use of video cameras in the superimposition process. The video camera approach greatly facilitated the process by enabling rapid size adjustment and orientation of the skull to fit that of the image in the photograph.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Superimposition: Historical Review and Current Issues

Ubelaker

2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Methodology of craniofacial superimposition has evolved dramatically since its inception in the early 20th century. Contemporary approaches involve advanced procedures of digitization, use of video cameras, warping algorithms, skull positioning devices and data derived from computed tomography, radiography, and ultrasound technology. Applications have proven most useful in exclusion and casework frequency has declined in some regions in recent years as molecular approaches to identification have become more widely available. Additional research is needed to clarify the probabilities involved and to facilitate comparisons when the technique is employed.

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Vereinfachte Schädelidentifizierung nach dem Superprojektionsverfahren mit Hilfe einer Video-Anlage

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Skull‐Photo Superimposition and Border Deaths: Identification Through Exclusion and the Failure to Exclude*

Craniofacial Superimposition: Historical Review and Current Issues

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