Verbesina sphaerocephala extracts promote the development of Cucumis sativus and reduce the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

Uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios son los nematodos agalladores del género <em>Meloidogyne</em>. El uso de <em>Verbesina sphaerocephala</em> podrían sustituir el uso de nematicidas químicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue probar si extractos acuosos de <em>V. sphaerocephala</em> promueven el desarrollo y reducen los daños ocasionados por <em>M. incognita</em> en <em>Cucumis sativus</em>. Se evaluaron siete tratamientos en plantas de <em>C. sativus</em> crecidas en macetas en condiciones de invernadero: plantas testigo sin nematodos, plantas con nematodos, con nematodos + carbofuran, con nematodos + <em>Trichoderma</em>, con nematodos + extracto de <em>V. sphaerocephala</em> (concentración al 10, 15 y 20%). Se realizó tres evaluaciones para estimar altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, concentración de clorofila, número de hojas y flores, longitud y peso de raíces, índice de agallamiento, huevos en raíz y larvas en el suelo. Los resultaron mostraron que los extractos de <em>V. sphaerocephala</em> al 10 y 15% promovieron el crecimiento de las plantas y disminuyeron los índices de agallamiento de las raíces y el número de larvas de <em>M. incognita</em> en el suelo. Los extractos de <em>V. sphaerocephala</em> puede ser un potencial biológico para minimizar problemas causados por <em>M. incognita</em>.

The Impact of Aqueous Extracts of Verbesina sphaerocephala and Verbesina fastigiata on Germination and Growth in Solanum lycopersicum and Cucumis sativus Seedlings

“…The allelopathic response that caused the extracts of V. sphaerocephala and V. fastigiata to inhibit seed germination in the plants in this study points mainly to the quantity and quality of phenolic compounds, as indicated in a phytochemical study carried out on the aqueous extracts of the species V. sphaerocephala, in which the authors emphasize its high content of phenolic compounds [19]. While low concentrations can favor development, high concentrations inhibit the same.…”

“…We did not detect nitrates and K compounds were not detected in the extracts, which could be due to the fact that the extracts are considered organic, and that these nutrients could be absorbed and assimilated by plants through enzymatic activation derived from various proteins contained within the extract. The species of Verbesina sphaerocephala has a high content of organic matter, carbohydrates, and proteins [19]. However, results may vary according to the phenological state of the leaves used to obtain the extracts and may even vary based on the analytical method.…”

“…The known allelopathic substances mainly include phenols, quinones, karinas, flavonoids, terpenes, sugars, glycosides, alkaloids, and non-protein amino acids [32]. Given that V. sphaerocephala has been found to contain large amounts of phenolic compounds and alkaloids [17,19], it is likely that V. fastigiata also contains these compounds, as it is also of the same genus.…”

“…This author demonstrated that the development of American cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) was supported by the application of aqueous extracts from V. sphaerocephala leaves, which reduced damage caused by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In addition, V. fastigiata has been found to promote growth in Fragaria × ananassa [19]. Both V. sphaerocephala and V. fastigiata belong to the Asteraceae family and are endemic to western Mexico (i.e., the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Guanajuato, and Guerrero) [20], where they are known by their common names of capitana and arnica capitaneja, respectively.…”