Verbal-vocal integration as a function of sex and methodology

Zahn, G. Lawrence

doi:10.1016/0092-6566(75)90019-7

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It would be expected that if a person were more sensitive to nonverbal cues, then nonverbal cues would have more effect on the impression one forms. A consistent finding is that women are more sensitive than men to implicit cues (Argyle et al, 1970;Cratty, 1970: Exline & Winters, 1965Kleck & Nuessle, 1968;Kozel & Gitter, 1968;Mehrabian, 1972;Thayer & Schiff, 1974;Zahn, 1973Zahn, , 1975. Women as a group are more visually oriented to others than are men (Exline, 1963;Exline, Gray, & Schuette, 1965;Gibson & Pick, 1963;Thayer & Schiff, 1974), and this increased visual orientation occurs at an early age (Seller, 1959).…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In an experiment combining both verbal and nonverbal cues, Zahn (1975) found that men did give more weight to the verbal cues than the nonverbal cues.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creek and Watkins (1972) found that people do have preferred channels. Based on previous research (e.g., Mehrabian & Ferris, 1967), it was expected that women would be more influenced by friendliness cues because they were better decoders of nonverbal channels and gave them more weight (Zahn, 1973(Zahn, , 1975. It was assumed that men would give more weight to the verbal channels (Zahn, 1975).…”

Section: Procedural Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures used in this experiment and the procedures used by other experiments manipulating both verbal and nonverbal cues have important differences. Previous studies which used both cues as independent variables (Bugental, 1974;Bugental, Kaswan, & Love, 1970;Creek & Watkins, 1972;Mehrabian & Ferris, 1967;Mehrabian & Wiener, 1967;Solomon & Ali, 1972;Solomon & Yeager, 1969;Zahn, 1973Zahn, , 1975 presented the two types simultaneously in the same stimulus presentation. Results from these studies have consistently found that women weigh nonverbal cues more than men do; this consistency formed the basis for the assumptions of this research.…”

Section: Procedural Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This issue is further complicated because there is evidence that there are sex differences in sensitivity to verbal and nonverbal informa tion (Exline & Winters, 1965;Mehrabian, 1972;Mehrabian & Ksionzky, 1972;Zahn, 1973Zahn, , 1975. Since these differences exist, then this may mean that men and women are differentially sensitive to different kinds of evaluative input about another.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpersonal attraction as a function of sex differences and saliency of verbal and nonverbal information

McGaughey

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This experiment investigated the effect of receiving verbal and non verbal information on interpersonal attraction. Since women have been reported to give more weight to nonverbal Information and men to verbal information (e.g., Zahn, 1975), it was predicted that when both verbal and nonverbal evaluative cues are presented about another, women's attraction will be more affected by the level of the nonverbal evaluative cue and men's will be more affected by the level of the verbal evaluative cue. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 16 experimental conditions in a 2^ factorial design. The independent variables were: (1) the con federate's sex; (2) the confederate's level of competency (verbal cues); (3) the confederate's level of friendliness (nonverbal cues); and (4) the subject's sex. Competency was varied by written biographic material which showed the confederate to be competent or incompetent. Friendliness was vaileù by a videotaped interview in vhich c or female confederate was friendly or nonfriendly; the confederate's dialogue was standardized. The content and the channel of the stimulus information (i.e., verbal competency and nonverbal friendliness) were purposely confounded in order to appear analogous to realistically encountered stimuli. Both of these conditions were presented to subjects in a counterbalanced order. Subjects rated their attraction toward the confederate on bipolar evaluative adjectives. The results showed that women differed from men by: (1) being more affected by the confederate's level of competency; (2) being more affected by the confederate's nonfriendliness (while liking the friendly confederate

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Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In an experiment combining both verbal and nonverbal cues, Zahn (1975) found that men did give more weight to the verbal cues than the nonverbal cues.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%