Verbal Autopsy: Reliability and Validity Estimates for Causes of Death in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran

Khademi, Hooman; Etemadi, Arash; Kamangar, Farin; Nouraie, Mehdi; Shakeri, Ramin; Abaie, Behrooz; Pourshams, Akram; Bagheri, Morteza; Hooshyar, Afshin; Islami, Farhad; Abnet, Christian C.; Pharoah, Paul; Brennan, Paul; Boffetta, Paolo; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Malekzadeh, Reza

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011183

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A detailed description of the study population, its methods and follow-up is available elsewhere 11 12. In brief, a total of 10 033 people from Gonbad City, the largest city in the study area, and 40 012 people from 326 villages in the area were enrolled between January 2004 and June 2008.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality from respiratory diseases associated with opium use: a population-based cohort study

Rahmati

Shakeri

Khademi

et al. 2016

Thorax

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Background Recent studies have suggested that opium use may increase mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, no comprehensive study of opium use and mortality from respiratory diseases has been published. We aimed to study the association between opium use and mortality from respiratory disease using prospectively collected data. Methods We used data from the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), a prospective cohort study in northeastern Iran, with detailed, validated data on opium use and several other exposures. A total of 50,045 adults were enrolled from 2004 to 2008, and followed annually until June 2015, with a follow-up success rate of 99%. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to evaluate the association between opium use and outcomes of interest. Results During the follow-up period 331 deaths from respiratory disease were reported (85 due to respiratory malignancies and 246 due to nonmalignant etiologies). Opium use was associated with an increased risk of death from any respiratory disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 95% CI; 3.13 (2.42-4.04)). The association was dose-dependent with a HR of 3.84 (2.61-5.67) for the highest quintile of cumulative opium use vs. never use (Ptrend<0.001). The hazard ratios (95% CI) for the associations between opium use and malignant and nonmalignant causes of respiratory mortality were 1.96 (1.18-3.25) and 3.71 (2.76-4.96), respectively. Conclusion Long-term opium use is associated with increased mortality from both malignant and nonmalignant respiratory diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality from respiratory diseases associated with opium use: a population-based cohort study

Rahmati

Shakeri

Khademi

et al. 2016

Thorax

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“…Deaths are reported by family members, friends, or local health workers through annual telephone calls, followed by a physician visit and completion of a verbal autopsy questionnaire, which has been validated for this population (38). For the current study, all available and relevant medical documents, including medical charts, radiographs, pathology reports, hospital discharge documents, etc., were gathered from the appropriate hospitals or pathology centers, either within the province or in neighboring provinces.…”

Section: Ascertainment Of Cause Of Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Food Intake and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality

Farvid¹,

Malekshah²,

Pourshams³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Epidemiology

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We investigated the association between dairy product consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study launched in January 2004 in Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. A total of 42,403 men and women participated in the study and completed a diet questionnaire at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We documented 3,291 deaths (1,467 from CVD and 859 from cancer) during 11 years of follow-up (2004-2015). The highest quintile of total dairy product consumption (versus the lowest) was associated with 19% lower all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.91; P trend = 0.006) and 28% lower CVD mortality risk (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86; P trend = 0.005). High consumption of low-fat dairy food was associated with lower risk of all-cause (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; P trend = 0.002) and CVD (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89; P trend = 0.001) mortality. We noted 11% lower all-cause mortality and 16% lower CVD mortality risk with high yogurt intake. Cheese intake was associated with 16% lower all-cause mortality and 26% lower CVD mortality risk. Higher intake of high-fat dairy food and milk was not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality. Neither intake of individual dairy products nor intake of total dairy products was significantly associated with overall cancer mortality. High consumption of dairy products, especially yogurt and cheese, may reduce the risk of overall and CVD mortality.

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“…The details of participant follow-up and cause of death determination procedures are described elsewhere. 19 Definition of hypertension and study outcomes…”

Section: Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study: A prospective study of 50 000 adults in Iran

et al. 2015

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High blood pressure has been the second most important determinant of disease burden in Iran since the 1990s. Despite well-recognized evidence on the association of high blood pressure and mortality in other countries, this relationship has not been fully investigated in the demographic setting of Iran. The current study is the first large-scale longitudinal study of this association in Iran. Briefly, 50 045 subjects between 40 and 75 years of age have been recruited and followed. Blood pressure measurements were carried out at baseline. Causes of death were reported and verified by verbal autopsy throughout the follow-up period. The outcomes of interest were all-cause deaths and deaths due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). A total of 46 674 subjects free from cardiovascular disease at baseline were analyzed. Absolute mortality rates increased along with increasing systolic or diastolic blood pressure above 120 and 80 mm Hg, respectively. Adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) for each 20 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure in all age groups were 1.18 (1.13-1.23) for all-cause mortality, 1.21 (1.13-1.31) for deaths due to IHD and 1.50 (1.39-1.63) for deaths due to stroke. Unadjusted and adjusted HRs were higher in younger subjects and decreased with increasing age of the participants. High blood pressure is a serious threat to the health of Iranians. The entire health-care system of Iran should be involved in a comprehensive action plan for controlling blood pressure.

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Verbal Autopsy: Reliability and Validity Estimates for Causes of Death in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Mortality from respiratory diseases associated with opium use: a population-based cohort study

Mortality from respiratory diseases associated with opium use: a population-based cohort study

Dairy Food Intake and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality

Hypertension and mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study: A prospective study of 50 000 adults in Iran

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