Ventriculo coronary arterial communications (VCAC) and myocardial sinusoids in hearts with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: two different diseases

Groot, Adriana C. Gittenberger‐de; Tennstedt, C.; Chaoui, Rabih; Lie-Venema, Heleen; Sauer, Ursula; Poelmann, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/s1058-9813(01)00102-3

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These findings can be transposed to the human situation in which, e.g. in pulmonary atresia without ventricular septal defects, we find VCAC with serious coronary vascular pathology already in the fetal period (74,75). We postulate that defective interactions between myocardium and epicardium are the basis for these malformations.…”

Section: Development Of the Coronary Vascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 56%

Basics of Cardiac Development for the Understanding of Congenital Heart Malformations

et al. 2005

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Section: Development Of the Coronary Vascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 56%

Basics of Cardiac Development for the Understanding of Congenital Heart Malformations

et al. 2005

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“…When proepicardial development is perturbed and EPDC migration into the ventricular myocardium is inhibited, the ventricular wall thickness does not increase to its normal size (Pérez-Pomares et al, 2002b). In addition, the altered epicardial migration and production of EPDCs also leads to dysplastic cushion tissues and perturbation of the coronary vascular network with associated arterioventricular connections (pouches/fistulae) (Gittenberger-de Groot et al, 2001;Pérez-Pomares et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Epdcs and Heart Morphogenesis: A Model On Epicardial-myocardmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

2003

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After its initial formation the epicardium forms the outermost cell layer of the heart. As a result of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) individual cells delaminate from this primitive epicardial epithelium and migrate into the subepicardial space (Pérez-Pomares et al., Dev Dyn 1997; 210: 96 -105; Histochem J 1998a;30:627-634 Dev. Biol. 2002b;247:307-326). A subset of EPDCs continue to differentiate in a variety of different cell types (including coronary endothelium, coronary smooth muscle cells (CoSMCs), interstitial fibroblasts, and atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells), whereas other EPDCs remain in a more or less undifferentiated state. Based on its specific characteristics, we consider the EPDC as the ultimate 'cardiac stem cell'. In this review we briefly summarize what is known about events that relate to EPDC development and differentiation while at the same time identifying some of the directions where EPDCrelated research might lead us in the near future. Anat Rec Part A 276A: 43-57, 2004.

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“…Recent studies indicate that fistulae can in fact be the initial problem in the developing myocardium, and that secondarily, the pulmonary stenosis to atresia develops. 7 This makes it more relevant to study in depth the formation of coronary fistulae.Inhibition of epicardial outgrowth leads to embryo lethality due to severe myocardial thinning and lack of coronary vessel formation. 8 The epicardial ablation model could not be used to study the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in coronary formation because, due to its experimental nature, migration of the proepicardial cells could not take place.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ets-1 and Ets-2 Transcription Factors Are Essential for Normal Coronary and Myocardial Development in Chicken Embryos

Lie-Venema

Groot

Empel

et al. 2003

Circulation Research

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Abstract-In the development of a functional myocardium and formation of the coronary vasculature, epicardium-derived cells play an essential role. The proepicardial organ contributes to the developing coronary system by delivering mural cells to the endothelium-lined vessels. In search of genes that regulate the behavior of (pro)epicardial cells, the Ets-1 and Ets-2 transcription factors stand out as strong candidates. In the present study, the hypothesis that Ets transcription factors have a role in proper coronary and myocardial development was tested via antisense technology, by targeting Ets-1 and Ets-2 mRNAs to downregulate protein expression in chicken embryos. The results suggest that hereby the development of the coronary system is hampered, primarily by defects in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of the mesothelia of the primary and secondary heart fields. This was indicated by a lack of periarterial and epicardial mesenchyme, of peripheral coronary smooth muscle cells, and changes in myocardial morphology. A defect in myocardial perfusion caused by the absence of one or both coronary ostia seems to be "solved" by the development of numerous small fistulae connecting the ventricular lumen with the subepicardially located coronary vessels. The presence of coronary vascular aberrations in the antisense-Ets phenotype enabled us for the first time to study abnormal coronary development in a model that is not lethal to the embryo. Key Words: Ets transcription factors Ⅲ epicardium Ⅲ coronary arteries Ⅲ myocardium Ⅲ development I nitially, the developing heart consists of a myocardial tube lined with endocardium, with cardiac jelly in between. With the increase in myocardial functioning, a separate vasculature of the myocardial wall becomes necessary. The formation of the coronary system is preceded by the outgrowth of the proepicardial organ over the heart to form the epicardium, 1 followed by infiltration of endothelial cells from the septum transversum into the subepicardial space to form a capillary network. 2 Subsequently, epicardial cells transdifferentiate and migrate to form the subepicardial and subendocardial mesenchyme. These mesenchymal cells then differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts of the coronary vessel walls, 3 into myocardial interstitial fibroblasts, subendocardial cells, and cells in the cushion mesenchyme. 4 Quail-chicken chimeras showed that the endocardium of the ventricular lumen does not contribute to the formation of the coronary vasculature. 5 The long held idea that coronary arteries develop by endocardial budding from the trabecular folds could thus be refuted. 3 This implies that the presence of fistulae in some congenital heart malformations like pulmonary atresia without ventricular septal defects 6 are not the result of such persisting luminized embryonic connections. Recent studies indicate that fistulae can in fact be the initial problem in the developing myocardium, and that secondarily, the pulmonary stenosis to atresi...

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Ventriculo coronary arterial communications (VCAC) and myocardial sinusoids in hearts with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: two different diseases

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Basics of Cardiac Development for the Understanding of Congenital Heart Malformations

Basics of Cardiac Development for the Understanding of Congenital Heart Malformations

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

Ets-1 and Ets-2 Transcription Factors Are Essential for Normal Coronary and Myocardial Development in Chicken Embryos

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