Ventilatory responses to exercise and CO2 after menopause in healthy women: Effects of age and fitness

Davenport, Margie H.; Beaudin, Andrew E.; Brown, Allison; Leigh, Richard; Poulin, Marc J.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.020

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, some of the most well‐recognized factors in OSA pathogenesis during aging include a highly collapsible airway, an ineffective upper airway dilator muscle activity/responsiveness (i.e., of genioglossus), a low respiratory arousal threshold, and an unstable ventilatory control system (Malhotra et al, ; Wellman et al, ; Eckert et al, ). Aging increases OSA in postmenopausal women as a result of loss of the ventilatory drive of female hormones (Redman et al, ; Resta et al, ; Davenport et al, ). Elevated oxygen desaturation index (≥15 events/hr) in older women was found to be associated with increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (Yaffe et al, ; Bayer et al, ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Osa In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of neurodegeneration in obstructive sleep apnea: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

Daulatzai

2015

J of Neuroscience Research

167

133

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The incidence of dementia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases with age. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease of the elderly characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The disease involves widespread synaptic loss in the neocortex and the hippocampus. Rodent and clinical studies suggest that OSA impairs the structural integrity of several brain regions, including the medial temporal lobe. Indeed, hypoxia, hypertension, hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress noted in OSA patients also occur in AD patients. This Review highlights pathological commonality, showing that OSA upregulates Aβ, tau hyperphosphorylation, and synaptic dysfunction. Indeed, OSA and hypertension trigger hypoperfusion and hypometabolism of brain regions, including cortex and hippocampus. Several studies show that hypertension-driven brain damage and pathogenic mechanisms lead to an Aβ increase. The pathophysiological mechanism by which OSA enhances hypertension may be linked to sympathoexcitation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Strong pathophysiological similarities that exist between OSA and AD are underscored here. For example, the hippocampus is negatively impacted in both OSA and AD. OSA promotes hippocampal atrophy, which is associated with memory impairment. Cognitive impairment, even in the absence of manifest dementia, is an important independent predictor of mortality. However, several pathophysiological mechanisms in OSA are reversible with appropriate therapy. OSA, therefore, is a modifiable risk factor of cognitive dysfunction, and treating OSA prior to mild cognitive impairment may be an effective prevention strategy to reduce risk for cognitive decline and AD in middle-aged persons and the elderly.

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Section: Prevalence Of Osa In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of neurodegeneration in obstructive sleep apnea: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

Daulatzai

2015

J of Neuroscience Research

167

133

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“…It has been suggested that the age-dependent reduction in cardio-respiratory exercise tolerance, usually marked by a decline in maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory capacity thresholds is particularly increased following menopause [13,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Alkhatib

Klonizakis

2014

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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This study tested the potential risk-reduction benefits of Mediterranean Diet (MD) and regular exercise training on microvascular activity and cardiorespiratory capacity in postmenopausal women. Fifteen sedentary postmenopausal participants (age = 54.6 ± 3.6) were randomised into either exercise training or exercise combined with following MD for eight-weeks, and were assessed for their cardiorespiratory capacity, and upper-and lower-limb endothelial cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) test using Laser Doppler Fluximetry (LDF), coupled with measuring endothelium-dependent Acetylcholine Chloride (Ach) and -dependent Sodium Nitropurruside (SNP) vasodilators. Exercise training improved cardiorespiratory capacity as indicated by ventilatory threshold (11.5 ± 2.1 vs. 14.0 ± 3.0 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , p < 0.05) and improved the microcirculatory perfusion results of CVC for both vasodilators Ach (p < 0.001, d = 0.65) and SNP (p = 0.003, d = 0.53) in the lower-limb and ACh (p = 0.01, d = 0.41) and SNP (p = 0.03, d = 0.48) in the upper-limb, all (p < 0.05). However, combining exercise with MD showed a stronger improvement in Ach (p = 0.02, d = 0.36) of the lower limb, than in exercise alone group. The results suggest that regular moderate exercise improves microcirculatory vascular function and increases exercise tolerance, both are responsible for reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. However, combining MD with exercise suggests additional microvascular vasodialiatory improvement, suggesting an effective strategy for further cardiovascular risk-reduction in this high-risk group.

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“…In addition, no differences in physical activity level, age, and anthropometric measurements were observed among the individuals with different MCT1 genotypes. This finding appears to be particularly important because training status [29], age and gender [30] can influence VT and RCP. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that some of the potential confounding variables were controlled in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association between Ventilatory Thresholds Related to Aerobic Fitness and MCT1 A1470T Polymorphism

Pasqua¹,

Damasceno²,

Bueno³

2016

Sports Nutr Ther

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The purpose of this study was to verify the association between MCT1 polymorphism with physiological parameters related to aerobic fitness. A hundred fifty healthy male volunteers performed a maximal incremental running test to determine the speeds corresponding to Ventilatory Threshold (VT) and Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP). Participants were genotyped and divided in terciles based on the analyzed variables. Genotype frequencies were compared through chi-square test between lower (LT) and higher terciles (HT), with the lowest or highest values of each analyzed variable. MCT1 TT genotype was overrepresented in HT only for VT and showed a significantly higher odds ratio of belong to HT for VT compared only to AA (5.1). These results suggest that TT individuals could attain the VT and RCP at higher speeds, being able to sustain higher running speeds in lower exercise intensity domains. In other words, it is possible that individuals carrying the MCT1 TT genotype might run at higher speeds with lower fatigue signals, mimicking an inner aerobic fitness adaptation.

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Ventilatory responses to exercise and CO2 after menopause in healthy women: Effects of age and fitness

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Evidence of neurodegeneration in obstructive sleep apnea: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

Evidence of neurodegeneration in obstructive sleep apnea: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Association between Ventilatory Thresholds Related to Aerobic Fitness and MCT1 A1470T Polymorphism

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