Ventilation of deep waters in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas following changes in thermohaline circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean

Manca, Beniamino B.; Ibello, Valeria; Pacciaroni, M.; Scarazzato, Paolo; Giorgetti, Alessandra

doi:10.3354/cr031239

Cited by 75 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…CIW density seems to present interannual variability. In 1987 for example, it appeared denser than LIW [Schlitzer at al., 1991] while in 2002 it spread at layers shallower than LIW [Manca et al, 2006].…”

Section: Surface and Intermediate Masses And Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside the Cretan Sea, CIW compared to LIW is generally considered being slightly colder, more saline, and denser [Astraldi et al, 1999;Theocharis et al, 1999b]. After exiting the Cretan Straits, CIW settles at depths between the LIW horizon and Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) [Schlitzer at al., 1991;Roether et al, 1999] and moves westward along the Cretan continental slope toward the Ionian and Adriatic Seas Theocharis et al, 2002a;Manca et al, 2006;Millot, 2013] finally providing salt to the latter. CIW density seems to present interannual variability.…”

Section: Surface and Intermediate Masses And Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1999 and 2002 [Manca et al, 2003[Manca et al, , 2006, the Adriatic Sea has gradually started to regain its DWF role in the EMed resulting in a mode 1 type thermohaline circulation, which by 2006 was manifested as a reversal of the upper Ionian Sea circulation to anticyclonic [Gačić et al, 2011]. In this mode, the eastern part of the EMed was deprived of low salinity AW masses resulting in a gradual increase of salinity in the upper thermocline layers as reported by Krokos et al [2014], Gertman et al [2013], and Kress et al, [2013].…”

Section: Events Of Dciw Outflow and ''Emt-like'' Episodes And Their Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

et al. 2014

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Data collected from different platforms in the Cretan Sea during the 2000s decade present evidence of gradually increasing salinity in the intermediate and deep intermediate layers after the middle of the decade. The observed gradual salt transport toward the deeper layers indicates contributions of dense water masses formed in various Aegean Sea subbasins. The accumulation of these saline and dense water masses in the Cretan Sea finally led to outflow from both Cretan Straits, with density greater than typical Levantine/Cretan Intermediate water but not dense enough to penetrate into the deep layers of the Eastern Mediterranean. We name this outflowing water mass as dense Cretan Intermediate Water (dCIW). A retrospective analysis of in situ data and literature references during the last four decades shows that similar events have occurred in the past in two occasions: (a) in the 1970s and (b) during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) onset (1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991). We argue that these salinity-driven Aegean outflows are mostly attributed to recurrent changes of the Eastern Mediterranean upper thermohaline circulation that create favorable dense water formation conditions in the Aegean Sea through salinity preconditioning. We identify these phenomena as ''EMT-like'' events and argue that in these cases internal thermohaline mechanisms dominate over atmospheric forcing in dense water production. However, intense atmospheric forcing over an already salinity preconditioned basin is indispensable for creating massive deep water outflow from the Cretan Sea, such as the EMT event.

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Section: Surface and Intermediate Masses And Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface and Intermediate Masses And Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Events Of Dciw Outflow and ''Emt-like'' Episodes And Their Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

et al. 2014

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“…Year GSA1 GSA4 GSA5 GSA6 GSA7 GSA8 GSA9 GSA10 GSA11 GSA12 GSA13 GSA14 GSA15 GSA16 GSA17 GSA18 GSA19 GSA20 GSA24 GSA27 Totalrecords 1980 region during winter and mostly in the Gulf of Taranto, where high primary production was observed as result of a significant upwelling phenomenon (De Lazzari et al 1999;Manca et al 2006;Matarrese et al 2011). In fact, C. maximus is known as a zooplankton feeder exhibiting typical behaviour in response to specific zooplankton densities and characteristics (Sims & Reid 2002;Sims et al 2003).…”

Section: Mediterranean Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the basking sharkCetorhinus maximus(Gunnerus, 1765) (Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae) in the central-eastern Mediterranean Sea

Carlucci

Battista

Capezzuto

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The presence of the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus (Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae) in the central-eastern Mediterranean Sea has been documented by means of 15 sightings and two accidental catches which occurred from February 2011 to January 2014 in the northwestern Ionian and southern Adriatic Sea. Specimens were observed exhibiting typical feeding behaviour, swimming slowly on the surface, during each sighting. In the case of the accidental catches, the basking shark specimens were released still alive by local fishermen. The observed specimens measured between 4 and 9 m in total length (TL). The sightings could be due to an increase in effort in the monitoring of the species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of a rise interest in the conservation of threatened species.

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“…Hydrographic measurements obtained in 2003 indicate a new ventilation of the deep layers in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (see Hainbucher et al, 2006;Manca et al, 2006;Cardin et al, 2011). The necessary preconditioning for deep convection in the Southern Adriatic (SA) and the formation of water dense enough to spread below the bottom water of EM origin were only re-established after 2005, following a salinity increase linked with the influence of EM water at intermediate levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last three decades: is the basin returning to the pre-EMT situation?

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Temperature, salinity and oxygen data collected during April and June 2011 (M84/3 and P414 cruises respectively) are analysed to derive the oceanographic characteristics of the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) basin. These observed characteristics are compared with those from previous cruises over the period 1987-2011. As a result, the interannual and decadal variability of the EM thermohaline properties are discussed in the context of the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) and of the general circulation of the basin. We found that the state of the EM is still far from the pre-EMT conditions, though the 2011 results possibly indicate a slow return to this status. In particular, a comparison between thermohaline property evolution deriving from interannual variability of the preconditioning and air-sea interaction (heat fluxes) in the South Adriatic and the Cretan Seas reveals aspects of the alternation of the two dense water sources (Adriatic and Aegean) during the last three decades, which have strong implications for the hydrographic characteristics of the intermediate and deep layers of the Ionian and Levantine basins.

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Ventilation of deep waters in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas following changes in thermohaline circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes

Occurrence of the basking sharkCetorhinus maximus(Gunnerus, 1765) (Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae) in the central-eastern Mediterranean Sea

Thermohaline properties in the Eastern Mediterranean in the last three decades: is the basin returning to the pre-EMT situation?

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