Ventilation Modelling and Drug Deposition in Very Young Asthmatic Children

Jongh, Franciscus H.C. de; Griffioen, R.W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_9

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Studies have shown that, for an adult, about 50% of the applied drug reaches the lung, whereas for a child this percentage is less than 10%. (3) To find the explanation for this, it is essential to be able to understand the mechanisms of aerosol deposition. Furthermore, the difficulties of handling children should be taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol Deposition in the Upper Airways of a Child

Jongh

Rinkel

Hoeijmakers

2006

Journal of Aerosol Medicine

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In a small child, normally only a small amount of inhaled aerosol particles reaches the lungs because the majority deposits in the upper airways. In this study, the upper airways of a 9- month-old child, based on computed tomography (CT) data, are modeled to serve as input for a computational fluid dynamics package (CFX). Verification of the validity of aerosol deposition calculations by this package is accomplished by evaluating two test cases, which also can be solved analytically. The numerically found sedimentation fraction in a horizontally placed straight pipe shows deviations from the exact solution for small particle sizes (less than 3 micron) due to small velocities generated by the use of an unstructured mesh. Although these velocities are small compared to the mainstream velocity, they are comparable with the terminal settling velocity of such a particle. Also the test case for inertial impaction in a bend pipe demonstrated the same problem. With this in mind, the aerosol deposition of 3.7-micron particles in the upper airway model of the child (SAINT-model) was calculated. Results were compared with experimentally found results in the literature. For small tidal volumes and flow rates, the computational results matched the experimentally measured results. However, large deviations were found for higher flow rates and small particle sizes. Most probably the incompletely modeled entrance at the nose and inertial effects due to turbulence might be responsible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engineering Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 2. Neonatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3. Lung Function Laboratory, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.…”

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confidence: 99%