Ventilation-induced lung injury exists in spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory failure: Yes

High-flow nasal oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in the management of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

“…In this situation, spontaneous breathing may be deleterious, aggravating lung injury through changes in global or regional pressure, even without any ventilatory support (18)(19)(20). Brochard et al consequently developed the concept of patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) (19).…”

Noninvasive Ventilation in Hypoxemic Patients: an Ongoing Soccer Game or a Lost One?

“…In addition the level of PEEP may be insufficient to recruit consolidated lung areas (12,13). This in turn may cause a "self induced ventilation lung injury (14). Last but not least, it has been recently found that to improve the outcome in ARDS patients, one needs to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with mortality.…”

Protecting lungs during spontaneous breathing: what can we do?

“…Our answer is, yes (8 generated by negative pressure ventilation in animals also led to pulmonary edema as observed during passive positive pressure ventilation. This was not spontaneous breathing but the pressure profiles were close to what could be observed with negative pressure generated by inspiratory muscles.…”