Ventilation Improvement Strategies Among K–12 Public Schools — The National School COVID-19 Prevention Study, United States, February 14–March 27, 2022

Pampati, Sanjana; Rasberry, Catherine N.; McConnell, Luke; Timpe, Zach; Lee, Sarah; Spencer, Patricia; Moore, Shamia; Mead, Kenneth R.; Murray, Colleen Crittenden; Deng, Xiaoyi; Iachan, Ronaldo; Tripathi, Tasneem; Martin, Stephen B.; Barrios, Lisa C.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7123e2

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Environmental interventions to reduce COVID-19 spread in confined workplaces such as meat and poultry processing facilities were highly successful early in the pandemic 3. There is broad consensus that improving indoor air quality in school buildings can reduce the risk of COVID-19 spread among students and teachers 4. Many school systems are now working to upgrade their HVAC systems, and similar approaches could be considered in long-term care facilities.…”

Section: A “Technical Package” Of Effective Public Health Approaches ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 There is broad consensus that improving indoor air quality in school buildings can reduce the risk of COVID-19 spread among students and teachers. 4 Many school systems are now working to upgrade their HVAC systems, and similar approaches could be considered in long-term care facilities. Wastewater surveillance is an emerging community surveillance system that could be particularly useful in self-contained water treatment system settings such as large international airports and correctional facilities.…”

Section: A “Technical Package” Of Effective Public Health Approaches ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustained Management of COVID-19: Doing More of What Works to Control Future Surges

Baggett

Fraser

Allen

et al. 2022

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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I ncreasing COVID-19 infection rates and the prospect of a significant fall surge are concerning to state and territorial public health leaders. Health officers are charged with preparing for ongoing management of the pandemic while addressing pushback against public health mitigation efforts and public sentiment that the pandemic is "over." While hospitalizations continue to remain manageable as of June 2022, now is the time for public health officials to prepare for responses to upcoming surges of COVID-19 in tandem with other seasonal respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Experts have learned a great deal about effective prevention, mitigation, and management of COVID-19 over the last 2 years to help guide future efforts. Planning for future response should draw upon evidence-based prevention efforts and what has worked in the past 2 years.

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Section: A “Technical Package” Of Effective Public Health Approaches ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A “Technical Package” Of Effective Public Health Approaches ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Management of COVID-19: Doing More of What Works to Control Future Surges

Baggett

Fraser

Allen

et al. 2022

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1 Pathogenic microorganisms invade the host, and stimulate the immune system to produce inflammatory cytokines and local accumulation of inflammatory cells, (2,3) thus causing bronchitis and pneumonia. (4,5) In serious cases, inflammatory cells may accumulate in the brain, heart, liver, and kidney, followed by complications such as encephalitis, myocarditis, and hepatitis. 6 Pneumonia can lead to lung tissue death in children, neutrophil infiltration, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithin A induces protective autophagy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia

Cao

Wang

Wan

2022

Allergol Immunopathol

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Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of urolithin A (UA) on pediatric pneumonia and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The pediatric infantile pneumonia model was constructed by intratracheal induction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 1-week-old C57BL/6 mice (male, 4–5 g). UA was also injected intraperitoneally. Lung tissues in each group were examined by histological analysis. Autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay and immunoblot analysis. Moreover, pyrophosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were also evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Results: UA alleviated lung inflammation in mice, and inhibited cell pyrophosis. In addition, UA A relieved both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, we found that UA alleviated pneumonia damage by inducing protective autophagy. Conclusion: UA induced protective autophagy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia.

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“…Improved ventilation and air filtration in public, indoor spaces helps mitigate the spread of COVID-19 1,8 . Unfortunately, many schools are in need of updated ventilation which requires substantial budgets and time [9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Efficacy of the ‘Corsi-Rosenthal’ Box Fan Filter in an Active Classroom Environment

Gasparrini¹,

Akter²,

Russell³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Poor ventilation in classrooms can increase the risk of infectious disease transmission, such as COVID-19, because it allows respiratory aerosol particles that may contain viruses to accumulate. Air purifiers can effectively reduce transmission rates in community spaces, including classrooms, because they increase the air change rate in the room and reduce particle concentrations. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of Corsi-Rosenthal Boxes (C-R Box) in reducing particle concentrations in active, occupied classroom settings. A C-R Box is a do-it-yourself, cost-effective alternative to commercial air purifiers built from a box fan, four readily available filters, cardboard, and duct tape. We collected measurements of coarse (particles with diameters > 2.5μm) and fine (particles with diameters 0.5μm - 2.5 μm) particle number concentrations and PM2.5 (particles with diameter < 2.5μm) mass concentrations. Specifically, we compared measurements in occupied classrooms before and after we turned the C-R Boxes on. In our testing, C-R Boxes reduced fine particle number concentrations by 56-91% and PM2.5 mass concentrations by over 70% after we turn on the C-R Boxes. We also simulated velocity profiles in the classrooms with running C-R Boxes showing mixing throughout the classroom ensuring that all air can encounter the filter.

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Ventilation Improvement Strategies Among K–12 Public Schools — The National School COVID-19 Prevention Study, United States, February 14–March 27, 2022

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Sustained Management of COVID-19: Doing More of What Works to Control Future Surges

Sustained Management of COVID-19: Doing More of What Works to Control Future Surges

Urolithin A induces protective autophagy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric pneumonia

Testing the Efficacy of the ‘Corsi-Rosenthal’ Box Fan Filter in an Active Classroom Environment

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