Venous Stents: Current Status and Future Directions

Shamimi-Noori, Susan; Clark, Timothy W.I.

doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2018.03.007

Cited by 49 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the patency rates for Wallstent® were previously reported as below 70%, particularly in PTS patients. [14] In the present study, we applied extended treatment (>12 months) to the patient group with high risk factors with recurrence and PE. In 24 patients (68.6%) of Group I and 83 patients (50%) of Group M received extended treatment (p=0.043).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-term results of deep vein thrombosis treatment: Comparison of interventional and medical therapies

Kük¹

2019

Turk J Vasc Surg

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Objectives: This study aims to compare different modalities used in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to identify risk factors for post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Patients and methods: A total of 217 patients (119 males, 98 females; mean age 51.2±18.1 years; range, 15 to 96 years) who were treated for DVT with medical and interventional methods between August 2012 and September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The interventional group (Group I) consisted of 35 patients and the medical group (Group M) consisted of 182 patients. The patients were compared for risk factors, anatomic extension, and final clinical pictures. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.6±2.5 years. Group I had more proximal involvement according to the Lower Extremity Thrombosis (LET) classification (p=0.0001). Recurrent DVT rates were 22.9% (n=8) and 13.9% (n=23) in Group I and Group M, respectively (p=0.198). The mean recurrence-free survival duration in Group I and Group M was 1.6±1.7 and 2.6±3.7 years, respectively (p=0.052). Two-year recurrence-free survival rates in Group I and Group M were 73.3±9.8% and 85.9±3.7%, respectively (p=0.479). None of the Group I patients had pulmonary embolism (PE) during follow-up. In Group M, five patients had PE (p=0.614). In the final controls, the mean Villalta scores in Group I and Group M were 3.0±2.6 and 5.4±5.2, respectively (p=0.013). The rates of patients with Villalta scores >5 were 3.4% (n=1) in Group I and 41.0% (n=32) in Group M (p=0.0001). The mean Venous Clinical Severity Scores (VCSS) were statistically significantly different in Group I and Group M (2.6±3.5 and 4.4±3.6; p=0.027). Anticoagulant-related bleeding complication rates in Group I and Group M were 27.6% (n=8) and 41.0% (n=32) (p=0.195). Conclusion: Interventional DVT treatment results in decreased symptom severity and PTS occurrence at two years. Interventional therapy options in iliofemoral DVT offers persistent advantage in the mid-term.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-term results of deep vein thrombosis treatment: Comparison of interventional and medical therapies

Kük¹

2019

Turk J Vasc Surg

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“…Stents are tubular structures widely used in surgery to prevent the closure of vessels or ducts (e.g. esophagus, urethra, bronchi) [32,33,129,130]. According to the insertion procedure and expected duration, various metal stents have been proposed over time, intended to fulfill a series of physical, mechanical and chemical requirements.…”

Section: Implants/scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape memory materials and 4D printing in pharmaceutics

Melocchi

Uboldi

Cerea

et al. 2021

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

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“…[3][4]11,22,37 The principal aim of a venous stent is to decrease venous hypertension and re-establish physiological blood flow. [1][2]4,11,22,35,38,39 Venous scaffold must have a larger diameter and longer length than the same stent used in arteries, to prevent recoil. The oversized diameter increases the radial force, which helps to anchor the stent passively.…”

Section: Venous Stent Versus Arterial Stentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They keep, however, a high radial-force and an unchangeable cross-sectional area. 1,4,5 The high pressure and the compromised return of blood through several mechanisms are the most important elements that cause obstructive venous disease. 6,7 Chronic venous insufficiency due to obstruction can be treated with percutaneous venous balloon angioplasty and stenting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the ideal characteristics of a venous stent?

Massi

Zamboni

2021

Veins and Lymphatics

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Historically, the stents used in the venous system were not dedicated scaffolds. They were largely adapted arterial stents. An essential feature of a venous stent is compliance, in order to adapt its crosssectional area to the vein. It should also be crush resistant, corrosion resistant and fatigue resistant. The material should be radiopaque, for follow-up. Another characteristic of the ideal venous stent is flexibility, to adapt its shape to the vein, not vice versa. The scaffold should be uncovered too, in order to avoid the occlusion of collaterals. The ideal venous stent should not migrate, so it is necessary a large diameter and a long length. The radial force is important to prevent migration. However, current stents derived from arterial use display high radial force, which could affect the patency of the thin venous wall. Alternatively, if the stent has an anchor point, that permits a passive anchoring, the radial force required to avoid migration will be lower. Dedicated venous stents were not available until very recently. Furthermore, there is a preclinical study about a new compliant nitinol stent, denominated Petalo CVS. Out of the commonest causes of large veins obstruction, dedicated venous stent could also treat other diseases described more recently, such as the jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome, JEDI syndrome and jugular lesions of the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency that result unfavorable for angioplasty according to Giaquinta classification.

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Venous Stents: Current Status and Future Directions

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Mid-term results of deep vein thrombosis treatment: Comparison of interventional and medical therapies

Mid-term results of deep vein thrombosis treatment: Comparison of interventional and medical therapies

Shape memory materials and 4D printing in pharmaceutics

What are the ideal characteristics of a venous stent?

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