“…Balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used with variable degrees of success. A study by Jackson et al, 7 who noted a 12-month primary assisted patency rate of only 43% in 43 patients following balloon angioplasty alone for cephalic arch stenosis with an average of 2.3 interventions per patient. A more viable long-term solution that does not involve the use of artificial material such as a stent is surgical intervention.…”
We present the case of a 21-year-old male with significant lengthening and aneurysmal degeneration of his brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula resulting in a megafistula and high-output cardiac failure. A computed tomography angiogram showed narrowing at the cephalic arch. Further evaluation during the operation revealed kinking and elongation of the fistula in addition to compression of the cephalic arch in the deltopectoral groove leading to outflow obstruction. The aneurysmal fistula was treated successfully with aneurysmorrhaphy of the remaining conduit and banding of the inflow. This case demonstrates a unique etiology of venous outflow obstruction for a fistula and describes the surgical approach to its treatment in a young patient suffering from cardiac failure.
“…Balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used with variable degrees of success. A study by Jackson et al, 7 who noted a 12-month primary assisted patency rate of only 43% in 43 patients following balloon angioplasty alone for cephalic arch stenosis with an average of 2.3 interventions per patient. A more viable long-term solution that does not involve the use of artificial material such as a stent is surgical intervention.…”
We present the case of a 21-year-old male with significant lengthening and aneurysmal degeneration of his brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula resulting in a megafistula and high-output cardiac failure. A computed tomography angiogram showed narrowing at the cephalic arch. Further evaluation during the operation revealed kinking and elongation of the fistula in addition to compression of the cephalic arch in the deltopectoral groove leading to outflow obstruction. The aneurysmal fistula was treated successfully with aneurysmorrhaphy of the remaining conduit and banding of the inflow. This case demonstrates a unique etiology of venous outflow obstruction for a fistula and describes the surgical approach to its treatment in a young patient suffering from cardiac failure.
The outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis depends on a functioning vascular access. Although a variety of access options are available, the arteriovenous fistula remains the best vascular access. Unfortunately the success rate of mature fistula use remains poor. The creation of an arteriovenous fistula is followed by altered hemodynamic and biological changes that may result in neointimal hyperplasia and eventual venous stenosis. This review provides an overview of these changes and the needed research to provide a long lasting vascular access and hence improve outcomes for patients with end-stage renal disease.
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