In recent years, the number of cases with primary hyperparathyroidism increased because many screening tests were developed and much attention was paid to symptoms of this disease. About 120 cases of primary hyperparathyrodism have been reported in Japan.' However, it is very difficult to determine accessory parathyroid adenoma in hyperparathyroidism as such reports are rare. The present paper reports a very rare case of hyperparathyroidism due to an intra thymic parathyroid adenoma. Only eight cases have been reported on intrathymic hyperparathyroidism by Mimpriss,